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Source and localization of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
| Molecule | Oxidant formed | Enzymes | Localization |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular oxygen (O2) | Superoxide (O2 −) | NOX1-5, DUOX1-2 | Plasma membrane and intracellular membranes |
| XO, XDH | Cytoplasm | ||
| ETC | Inner mitochondrial membrane | ||
| Superoxide (O2 −) | Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) | SOD1 | Cytoplasm, peroxisomes, lysosomes, nucleus |
| SOD2 | Mitochondrial matrix | ||
| SOD3 | Extracellular space | ||
| Molecular oxygen (O2) | Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) | MAO | Outer mitochondrial membrane |
