TABLE 4.

Efficacy of some commercial IPG devices based on independent clinical studies.

Device	Study design	Disease	Test subjects	Efficacy	Scoring
Medtronic Activa PC + S (Molina, et al., 2021)	Interventional (clinical trial), single group assignment	Medication-refractory Freezing of Gait (FoG) in PD	5	40% improvement at 60% of the subjects after 6 months	FOGQ, PDQ-39 (Peto et al., 1998), GFQ (Giladi et al., 2000), ABC (Powell and Myers, 1995, UPDRS) (Fahn and Elton, 1987)
Boston Scientific™ (Moro, et al., 2010)	Nonrandomized, prospect, blinded, multi-center	PD	51	45.4% (STN), 20% (GPi)	UPDRS III
Boston Scientific™ Vercise System (Follett, et al., 2010)	Multi-center, randomized, blinded	PD	bilateral STN: 147; bilateral Gpi: 152	25.3% improvement in UPDRS III; improvement in 6 of 8 subscales	UPDRS III
Abbot St. Jude Medical INFINITY™ (Okun, et al., 2012)	Multi-center, randomized, blinded	PD	136	39% on the baseline UPDRS III scores improvement	UPDRS III
Medtronic Kinetra and Soletra (Schuepbach, et al., 2013)	Interventional (clinical trial), randomized, parallel assignment	PD	251	QoL improvement by 7.8 points	PDQ-39, UPDRS-II, III and VI

FOGQ, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; GFQ, Gait and Falls Questionnaire; ABC, Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale; PDQ, Parkinson’s disease Quality of Life Questionnaire, Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).