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. 2022 Jun 23;13:924482. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924482

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Copyright © 2022 Ke, Huang, Viswanath, Hu, Yeh, Mitsuda, Lin and Hsu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of the involvement of NAC and ZFP transcription factors and ABA in the regulation of NbAGO5 expression in response to virus infection. Plant argonautes (AGOs) play an important role in antiviral defense. The expression of NbAGO5 gene is strongly induced after virus infection in N. benthamiana. NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 positively and negatively regulate the expression of NbAGO5, respectively. The plant hormone ABA, whose biosynthesis has been shown to be activated by BaMV infection (Alazem et al., 2014), is also involved in the induction of NbAGO5 promoter activity. TGBp1, a BaMV-encoded protein, may regulate NbAGO5 expression and plant defense response through activation of the NbNAC42 expression.