Table 4.
Change in blood markers (estimated means)
| |
|
Placebo |
Saffron |
p-valueb | Effect Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 6 | p-valuea | Week 0 | Week 6 | p-valuea | ||||
| ALL PARTICIPANTS (placebo, n = 28; saffron, n = 28) | |||||||||
| BDNF (ng/mL) | Mean | 1129.16 | 959.42 | .012† | 1143.13 | 910.5 | <.001† | .506 | .13 |
| SE | 18.71 | 64.01 | 19.54 | 60.87 | |||||
| NPY (pg/mL) | Mean | 12.68 | 14.62 | .074 | 12.70 | 14.66 | .072 | .994 | .00 |
| SE | 0.41 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 1.01 | |||||
| Oxytocin (pg/mL) | Mean | 2766.58 | 2368.76 | .002† | 2796.72 | 2441.49 | .006† | .793 | .05 |
| SE | 23.99 | 121.95 | 25.14 | 125.83 | |||||
| MALES (placebo, n = 14; saffron, n = 20) | |||||||||
| BDNF (ng/mL) | Mean | 1234.25 | 1175.98 | .615 | 1255.71 | 963.36 | .001† | .095 | .40 |
| SE | 25.64 | 112.62 | 21.73 | 77.17 | |||||
| NPY (pg/mL) | Mean | 11.92 | 13.47 | .234 | 11.66 | 13.80 | .055 | .720 | .08 |
| SE | 0.62 | 1.14 | 0.51 | 0.98 | |||||
| Oxytocin (pg/mL) | Mean | 2871.46 | 2374.00 | .008† | 2917.25 | 2490.76 | .009† | .745 | .07 |
| SE | 35.98 | 176.94 | 30.44 | 155.30 | |||||
| FEMALES (placebo, n = 14; saffron, n = 8) | |||||||||
| BDNF (ng/mL) | Mean | 1002.28 | 757.13 | .001† | 992.74 | 860.63 | .189 | .339 | .29 |
| SE | 22.51 | 62.72 | 29.78 | 94.38 | |||||
| NPY (pg/mL) | Mean | 13.93 | 16.37 | .219 | 13.78 | 15.02 | .604 | .708 | .12 |
| SE | 0.42 | 1.91 | 0.56 | 2.32 | |||||
| Oxytocin (pg/mL) | Mean | 2623.69 | 2323.45 | .086 | 2601.09 | 2399.46 | .390 | .737 | .10 |
| SE | 30.50 | 167.59 | 41.30 | 229.15 | |||||
†statistically significant within-group changes. Results (estimated means) are generated from generalized mixed-effects models adjusted for BMI, IPAC METS, age, sex, and corresponding baseline values. aP-values are generated from repeated-measures generalized, mixed-effects models adjusted for BMI, IPAC METS, age, sex, and corresponding baseline values (time effects baseline and week 6). bP-values are generated from repeated-measures generalized, mixed-effects models adjusted for BMI, IPAC METS, age, sex, and corresponding baseline values (time x group interaction).