Table 2.
Extrinsic and intrinsic aging treated by resveratrol and its derivatives.
| Compound | Experimental model | Cell or animal type | Outcomes offered by the compound | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resveratrol | In vitro skin absorption | Pig | Resveratrol showed a satisfied skin absorption to exert antioxidative activity | [87] |
| Resveratrol | In vivo skin absorption | Human | Topically applied resveratrol mainly located in SC layer | [88] |
| Resveratrol | In vitro photoaging | HaCaT cells | Resveratrol increased cell survival and attenuated ROS in UVB-treated cells | [90] |
| Resveratrol | In vivo photoaging | Hairless mouse | Resveratrol downregulated cell cycle regulatory proteins | [91] |
| Resveratrol | In vivo photoaging | Hairless mouse | Resveratrol downregulated survivin | [92] |
| Pterostilbene | In vitro photoaging | HaCaT cells | Resveratrol attenuated UVB-evoked cell death and ROS generation via Nrf2 signaling | [93] |
| Pterostilbene | In vivo photodamage | Hairless mouse | Pterostilbene showed superior oxidative damage inhibition than resveratrol | [95] |
| Polydatin | In vitro and in vivo photoaging | HaCaT cells and nude mouse | Polydatin as the antioxidant and sunscreen to inhibit UVB-induced skin damage | [96] |
| Oligomers | In vitro IL-1β-induced aging | Dermal fibroblasts | (−)-Hopeaphenol, vaticanol C, stenophyllol C exhibited significant inhibition on MMP-1 | [36] |
| Resveratrol in transfersomes and ethosomes | In vitro H2O2 treatment | HaCaT cells | Ethosomes reduced ROS production and increased resveratrol absorption | [99] |
| Resveratrol in transfersomes | In vitro skin permeation | Strat-M membrane | Transfersomes increased resveratrol delivery | [100] |
| Resveratrol in SLNs and NLCs | In vitro H2O2 treatment and skin permeation | Dermal fibroblasts | NLCs showed greater ROS reduction than SLNs | [102] |
| Resveratrol | In vivo skin atrophy | Sod−/− mouse | Resveratrol reversed skin thinning via Sirt1 upregulation | [106] |
| Resveratrol | In vivo skin hydration | Human | Resveratrol increased skin hydration by 2-fold | [107] |
| Resveratrol and procyanidins | In vivo skin hydration and elasticity | Human | Skin moisturization and elasticity were increased by dietary supplementation | [108] |
| Pterostilbene | In vivo skin hydration and brightness | Human | The skin moisturization and elasticity were improved with no adverse effects | [109] |
| Resveratrol in SLNs, NLCs, and nanoemulsions | In vivo skin hydration | Human | An increase of skin hydration was detected with a tendency of SLNs > NLCs > nanoemulsions | [111] |
IL, interleukin; MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1; NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SC, stratum corneum; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; Sod: superoxide dismutase; UVB, ultraviolet B.