Table 4.

Hypopigmenting activity of resveratrol and its derivatives.

Compound	Experimental model	Cell or animal type	Outcomes offered by the compound	Reference
Resveratrol	Cell-based tyrosinase inhibition	HEK293 cells	Resveratrol was effective to inhibit human tyrosinase	[136]
Resveratrol	In vivo UV irradiation	Human	Resveratrol inhibited sunburn cell formation	[137]
Oxyresveratrol	Cell-based tyrosinase inhibition	B16 cells	Oxyresveratrol was effective to inhibit mushroom and murine tyrosinases	[138]
Oxyresveratrol and 4′-prenyloxyresveratrol	In vitro tyrosinase inhibition	Mushroom tyrosinase	Oxyresveratrol and 4′-prenyloxyresveratrol from mulberry inhibited tyrosinase	[140]
Resveratrol and oxyresveratrol	Cell-based 3D reconstituted skin	MelanoDerm®	Oxyresveratrol showed higher melanin inhibition than resveratrol	[141]
Resveratrol and piceatannol	In vitro tyrosinase inhibition	Mushroom tyrosinase and B16 cells	Piceatannol showed higher tyrosinase inhibition than resveratrol	[142]
Polydatin	Cell-based tyrosinase inhibition	Melan-a cells	Polydatin inhibited melanin content and tyrosinase	[143]
Polydatin	In vitro tyrosinase inhibition	Mushroom tyrosinase	Polydatin showed higher tyrosinase inhibition than resveratrol	[144]
Resveratrol and gnectin C	Cell-based tyrosinase inhibition	B16 cells	Resveratrol and gnectin showed a comparable tyrosinase inhibition	[145]
α-Viniferin	Cell-based tyrosinase inhibition and in vivo melasma	Melan-a cells and human	α-Viniferin decreased melanin index in the patients with melasma	[146]
Resveratrol in nanoparticles	In vivo UV irradiation	Guinea pig	The nanoparticles decreased melanin granules in skin	[147]
Resveratrol in SLNs	In vitro tyrosinase inhibition	Mushroom tyrosinase	Resveratrol loaded in SLNs promoted tyrosinase inhibition	[148]

SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; UV, ultraviolet.