Table 2. Results of generalised linear models examining factors affecting hedgehog nest box use for (a) summer day nesting, (b) breeding, (c) winter day nesting and (d) hibernation.

Reference levels for variables are indicated in parentheses. SE = standard error; OR = odds ratio. Variables that had a significant effect (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.

(a) Summer day nests (N = 1,868). Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: χ28 = 10.226, p = 0.250; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.235.
Variable	Estimate	SE	z value	p	OR	95% CI
(Intercept)	−1.250	0.524	−2.384	0.017	0.287	0.103–0.810
MONTHS INSTALLED	0.009	0.002	3.843	<0.001	1.009	1.005–1.015
TYPE (Purchased)
Homemade	0.261	0.140	1.860	0.063	1.298	0.988–1.712
FRONT OR BACK (Front garden)
Back garden	0.528	0.220	2.398	0.016	1.696	1.094–2.599
HARD STANDING (Not on hardstanding)
On hardstanding	0.430	0.190	2.266	0.023	1.538	1.068–2.251
SHELTERED (Not in sheltered location)
In a sheltered location	0.529	0.168	3.158	0.002	1.698	1.219–2.354
DISTANCE BUILDING (≥5 m from a building)
<5 m from a building	0.421	0.158	2.667	0.008	1.524	1.122–2.085
FACING (Entrance faces wall/fence)
Parallel to wall/fence	0.001	0.302	0.003	0.997	1.001	0.541–1.780
Faces shrubs/plantings	−0.043	0.314	−0.138	0.890	0.957	0.507–1.746
Faces the open	−0.585	0.296	−1.978	0.048	0.557	0.305–0.976
Other	−0.267	0.336	−0.794	0.427	0.766	0.390–1.465
RAISED (Not raised)
Raised	0.364	0.178	2.053	0.040	1.440	1.023–2.054
FRONT BACK ACCESS (No front-to-back access)
Front-to-back access	0.470	0.143	3.277	0.001	1.599	1.206–2.116
OTHER NESTS (No alternative nesting sites used)
Alternative nesting sites used	0.768	0.136	5.650	<0.001	2.156	1.655–2.821
POND (No garden pond)
Pond	−0.368	0.141	−2.602	0.009	0.692	0.525–0.914
GOOD HAB	−0.012	0.004	−2.982	0.003	0.988	0.980–0.996
BEDDING (None provided)
One type	0.914	0.182	5.008	<0.001	2.493	1.740–3.560
Both types	1.457	0.268	5.431	<0.001	4.293	2.560–7.347
HEDGEHOG FOOD (None provided)
Scattered in varying locations	0.803	0.510	1.574	0.115	2.233	0.865–6.583
<0.5 m from nest box	0.881	0.237	3.720	<0.001	2.414	1.523–3.857
0.5–5 m from nest box	1.463	0.185	7.903	<0.001	4.317	3.004–6.209
5.1–10 m from nest box	1.133	0.313	3.621	<0.001	3.105	1.708–5.849
>10 m from nest box	1.233	0.243	5.082	<0.001	3.433	2.145–5.563
BADGERFOX (Not sighted)
Sighted	−0.159	0.135	−1.177	0.239	0.853	0.655-1.111
DOGS (Absent)
Present	−0.224	0.152	−1.471	0.141	0.799	0.594–1.081
(b) Breeding nests (N = 1,104). Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: χ28 = 8.621, p = 0.375; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.230.
Variable	Estimate	SE	z value	p	OR	95% CI
(Intercept)	−3.325	0.422	−7.873	<0.001	0.036	0.015–0.080
MONTHS INSTALLED	0.017	0.002	7.908	<0.001	1.017	1.013–1.021
TYPE (Purchased)
Homemade	0.267	0.153	1.746	0.081	1.306	0.967–1.762
SHELTERED (Not in sheltered location)
In a sheltered location	0.570	0.228	2.498	0.013	1.768	1.144–2.805
FRONT BACK ACCESS (No front-to-back access for hedgehogs)
Front-to-back access	0.462	0.177	2.606	0.009	1.587	1.127–2.259
OTHER NESTS (No alternative nesting sites used)
Alternative nesting sites used	0.863	0.152	5.692	<0.001	2.369	1.764–3.196
POND (No garden pond)
Pond	−0.667	0.165	−4.041	<0.001	0.513	0.370–0.707
BEDDING (None provided)
One type	−0.067	0.229	−0.291	0.771	0.936	0.602–1.480
Both types	−0.229	0.286	−0.804	0.422	0.795	0.455–1.395
HEDGEHOG FOOD (None provided)
Scattered in varying locations	0.992	0.552	1.797	0.072	2.696	0.877–7.810
<0.5 m from nest box	−0.054	0.386	−0.140	0.889	0.947	0.440–2.017
0.5–5 m from nest box	0.976	0.280	3.485	<0.001	2.653	1.563–4.705
5.1–10 m from nest box	0.719	0.403	1.784	0.074	2.053	0.926–4.531
>10 m from nest box	1.141	0.321	3.556	<0.001	3.131	1.691–5.978
BADGERFOX (Not sighted)
Sighted	−0.096	0.149	−0.645	0.519	0.908	0.678–1.216
DOGS (Absent)
Present	−0.323	0.182	−1.776	0.076	0.724	0.504–1.029
(c) Winter day nests (N = 1,300). Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: χ28 = 10.681, p = 0.220; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.240.
Variable	Estimate	SE	z value	p	OR	95% CI
(Intercept)	−1.976	0.516	−3.832	<0.001	0.139	0.050–0.381
MONTHS INSTALLED	0.014	0.003	5.442	<0.001	1.014	1.009–1.019
TYPE (Purchased)
Homemade	0.483	0.137	3.515	<0.001	1.621	1.240–2.125
HARD STANDING (Not on hardstanding)
On hardstanding	0.468	0.184	2.547	0.011	1.597	1.119–2.302
SHELTERED (Not in sheltered location)
In a sheltered location	0.495	0.175	2.821	0.005	1.640	1.163–2.314
DISTANCE BUILDING (≥5 m from a building)
<5 m from a building	0.216	0.148	1.463	0.144	1.241	0.930–1.662
FACING (Entrance faces wall/fence)
Parallel to wall/fence	−0.077	0.285	−0.270	0.787	0.926	0.523–1.605
Faces shrubs/plantings	0.031	0.297	0.104	0.917	1.031	0.570–1.831
Faces the open	−0.590	0.279	−2.112	0.035	0.555	0.317–0.949
Other	0.188	0.323	0.582	0.561	1.207	0.637–2.266
FRONT BACK ACCESS (No front-to-back access for hedgehogs)
Front-to-back access	0.366	0.150	2.445	0.014	1.441	1.074–1.932
OTHER NESTS (No alternative nesting sites used)
Alternative nesting sites used	0.560	0.134	4.195	<0.001	1.751	1.349–2.278
POND (No garden pond)
Pond	−0.232	0.142	−1.626	0.104	0.793	0.600–1.049
GOOD HAB	−0.006	0.004	−1.441	0.150	0.994	0.987–1.002
BEDDING (None provided)
One type	0.868	0.204	4.261	<0.001	2.383	1.601–3.564
Both types	1.484	0.266	5.585	<0.001	4.412	2.636–7.482
HEDGEHOG FOOD (None provided)
Scattered in varying locations	0.555	0.498	1.116	0.265	1.742	0.665–4.759
<0.5 m from nest box	0.662	0.267	2.477	0.013	1.938	1.151–3.283
0.5–5 m from nest box	1.065	0.212	5.011	<0.001	2.900	1.916–4.412
5.1–10 m from nest box	0.633	0.306	2.071	0.038	1.883	1.038–.447
>10 m from nest box	1.251	0.270	4.635	<0.001	3.492	2.069–5.966
BIRD FOOD (None provided)
Provided	0.201	0.134	1.507	0.132	1.223	0.941–1.589
BADGERFOX (Not sighted)
Sighted	−0.219	0.133	−1.643	0.100	0.803	0.618–1.043
DOGS (Absent)
Present	−0.224	0.152	−1.471	0.141	0.799	0.594–1.081
(d) Hibernation nests (N = 1,592). Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: χ28 = 14.175, p = 0.077; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.286.
Variable	Estimate	SE	z value	p	OR	95% CI
(Intercept)	−2.731	0.486	−5.622	<0.001	0.065	0.025–0.168
MONTHS INSTALLED	0.021	0.002	8.820	<0.001	1.021	1.017–1.026
TYPE (Purchased)
Homemade	0.251	0.121	2.080	0.038	1.285	1.015–1.630
FRONT OR BACK (Front garden)
Back garden	0.079	0.221	0.357	0.721	1.082	0.700–1.666
HARD STANDING (Not on hardstanding)
On hardstanding	0.373	0.161	2.316	0.021	1.452	1.061–1.996
SHELTERED (Not in sheltered location)
In a sheltered location	0.299	0.161	1.862	0.063	1.348	0.984–1.848
DISTANCE BUILDING (≥5 m from a building)
<5 m from a building	0.341	0.137	2.500	0.012	1.407	1.078–1.841
FACING (Entrance faces wall/fence)
Parallel to wall/fence	0.001	0.302	0.003	0.997	1.001	0.541–1.780
Faces shrubs/plantings	−0.043	0.314	−0.138	0.890	0.957	0.507–1.746
Faces the open	−0.585	0.296	−1.978	0.048	0.557	0.305-0.976
Other	−0.267	0.336	−0.794	0.427	0.766	0.390–1.465
ORIENTATION (Entrance faces North)
East	0.305	0.172	1.776	0.076	1.357	0.969–1.902
South	0.347	0.168	2.065	0.039	1.415	1.018–1.968
West	0.189	0.185	1.020	0.308	1.208	0.840–1.737
RAISED (Not raised)
Raised	0.364	0.178	2.053	0.040	1.440	1.023–2.054
CONNECTED	−0.021	0.045	−0.473	0.636	0.979	0.896–1.070
FRONT BACK ACCESS (No front-to-back access for hedgehogs)
Front-to-back access	0.496	0.134	3.697	<0.001	1.643	1.263–2.139
OTHER NESTS (No alternative nesting sites used)
Alternative nesting sites used	0.656	0.118	5.564	<0.001	1.926	1.530–2.428
POND (No garden pond)
Pond	−0.130	0.125	−1.040	0.299	0.878	0.686–1.122
GOOD HAB	−0.004	0.003	−1.173	0.241	0.996	0.989–1.003
BEDDING (None provided)
One type	0.720	0.183	3.940	<0.001	2.055	1.440–2.952
Both types	1.107	0.237	4.677	<0.001	3.024	1.909–4.831
HEDGEHOG FOOD (None provided)
Scattered in varying locations	0.141	0.477	0.295	0.768	1.151	0.449–2.946
<0.5 m from nest box	0.167	0.245	0.684	0.494	1.182	0.732–1.911
0.5–5 m from nest box	0.933	0.188	4.957	<0.001	2.542	1.763–3.690
5.1–10 m from nest box	0.962	0.290	3.319	0.001	2.617	1.489–4.646
>10 m from nest box	1.088	0.237	4.597	<0.001	2.968	1.873–4.739
BIRD FOOD (None provided)
Provided	−0.102	0.121	−0.843	0.399	0.903	0.712–1.144
BADGERFOX (Not sighted)
Sighted	−0.133	0.119	−1.112	0.266	0.876	0.693–1.106
DOGS (Absent)
Present	−0.346	0.140	−2.462	0.014	0.708	0.537–0.932