Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the sample.
| Variables | Overall | Phasic protocol | Tonic protocol | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 521 |
Summation, N = 151 |
No summation, N = 411 | Summation, N = 111 | No summation, N = 411 | |
| Age | 48.08 (11.12) | 46.93 (10.65) | 48.54 (11.42) | 49.36 (11.62) | 47.73 (11.11) |
| Female | 45/52 (87%) | 12/15 (80%) | 33/37 (89%) | 10/11 (91%) | 35/41 (85%) |
| BMI | 28.18 (6.86) | 30.97 (7.56) | 27.05 (6.32) | 26.95 (6.11) | 28.51 (7.08) |
| Duration of fibromyalgia | 10.38 (8.60) | 7.70 (7.06) | 11.47 (9.00) | 11.45 (10.93) | 10.10 (8.00) |
| Patients in low dose opioids | 5/52 (9.6%) | 1/15 (6.7%) | 4/37 (11%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 4/41 (9.8%) |
| CPM | −0.89 (1.33) | −1.27 (1.08) | −0.74 (1.41) | −0.74 (1.31) | −0.93 (1.35) |
| Vas pain (0–10) | 6.00 (1.77) | 5.91 (1.79) | 6.04 (1.78) | 5.16 (1.60) | 6.22 (1.76) |
| Vas anxiety (0–10) | 4.41 (2.64) | 3.91 (2.60) | 4.61 (2.66) | 4.64 (2.53) | 4.35 (2.69) |
| Vas depression (0–10) | 3.84 (2.91) | 3.33 (2.90) | 4.05 (2.92) | 2.97 (2.98) | 4.08 (2.88) |
| Vas sleep (0–10) | 6.04 (2.57) | 5.01 (2.79) | 6.45 (2.39) | 5.95 (2.91) | 6.06 (2.51) |
| Vas stress (0–10) | 5.41 (2.93) | 4.55 (3.30) | 5.76 (2.73) | 4.45 (3.18) | 5.67 (2.84) |
| BPI pain intensity | 5.38 (1.58) | 5.28 (1.80) | 5.41 (1.51) | 5.09 (1.54) | 5.45 (1.61) |
| BPI pain interference | 5.46 (2.16) | 5.15 (2.02) | 5.58 (2.23) | 4.70 (1.81) | 5.66 (2.22) |
| BPI number of locations with pain (0–72) | 12.21 (8.13) | 10.53 (7.48) | 12.89 (8.39) | 11.27 (7.21) | 12.46 (8.43) |
| FIQR (0–100) | 55.67 (18.62) | 53.81 (22.56) | 56.42 (17.07) | 49.36 (19.50) | 57.36 (18.26) |
| QOLD (16–112) | 68.52 (14.20) | 71.60 (19.01) | 67.27 (11.81) | 70.55 (16.35) | 67.98 (13.74) |
| BDI (0–63) | 16.87 (9.18) | 16.60 (11.38) | 16.97 (8.30) | 18.36 (8.03) | 16.46 (9.51) |
| PROMIS anxiety (0–5) | 2.66 (0.95) | 2.50 (0.90) | 2.73 (0.98) | 2.66 (1.16) | 2.66 (0.91) |
| PROMIS fatigue (0–5) | 3.89 (0.77) | 3.38 (0.75) | 4.10 (0.69) | 3.89 (0.88) | 3.90 (0.75) |
| PROMIS pain (0–5) | 3.61 (0.97) | 3.43 (1.04) | 3.68 (0.95) | 3.16 (1.01) | 3.73 (0.94) |
| PSQI (0–21) | 12.08 (4.52) | 11.20 (4.68) | 12.43 (4.46) | 11.73 (5.42) | 12.17 (4.31) |
1Mean(SD); n/N (%). QOLS, Quality of Life scale; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; FIQR, Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; BPI, Beck's Depression Inventory; BDI, Brief Depression Inventory. *Races reported as white vs. non-white and Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic, collapsed to increase statistical power. †Presence indicates any increase in pain with continuous or repetitive stimuli; absence indicates no increase or decrease in pain with continuous or repetitive stimuli.