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. 2022 Jul 4;11(1):1717–1729. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2093133

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Regulation of the expression of cytokines and chemokines by coronavirus infection-induced EGR1 upregulation. (a) Differential effects of EGR1-knockdown on the expression of cytokines and chemokines in coronavirus-infected cells. H1299 cells were transfected with siEGFP and siEGR1, before infected with IBV/PEDV/229E at MOI∼2. Cell lysates were harvested at the indicated time points for RT-qPCR. The mRNA levels of EGR1, CXCL2, ISG15, IL-8 and IFN-β were determined by qPCR. Viral gRNA levels were determined as an indicator for IBV/PEDV/229E replication efficiency. (b) Effects of EGR1-knockdown on the expression of EGR2, EGR3 and EGR4 in IBV-infected cells. H1299 cells were treated as (a), Cells were harvested and analysed as (a). The mRNA levels of EGR1, EGR2, EGR3 and EGR4 were determined. (c) Effects of EGR1-overexpression on the expression of cytokines and chemokines in IBV-infected cells. H1299 cells were transfected with pXJ40-Flag and pXJ40-Flag-EGR1 before being infected with IBV or mock-infected (Mock). Cells were harvested and analysed as (a).