Table 5. Performance of CSF miRNAs across biomarker studies.
Rank reflects our initial prioritization of the miRNAs as biomarker candidates in our discovery study (1=highest); the ranks of tied miRNAs were averaged. Viability on retest (Viable) indicates whether or not (Y=yes or N=no) the miRNA proved to be reliably measurable and robustly expressed in a validation cohort to a degree sufficient to warrant further consideration as a biomarker. Validated for AD (Validated) indicates whether or not the miRNA demonstrated continued biomarker potential as a significant contributor to AD classifier models in the validation cohort. The MCI-AD trend (Trend) classification is as in Table 2 and Figure 4. Additional notes reflect our current subjective assessment of the character and value of the miRNA as a biomarker for MCI or AD.
| MiRNA | Rank | Viable | Validated | Trend | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-15b-5p | 25 | Y | Y | NO TREND | Probably decreased in AD, but with large variance and often not expressed |
| miR-16-5p | 12.5 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-19b-3p | 7 | Y | Y | AD+MCI vs. NC | Decreased equally in MCI and AD |
| miR-24-3p | 10 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-26b-5p | 15.5 | N | N | Tended to be decreased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-27b-3p | 32.5 | N | N | Tended to be decreased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-28-3p | 23 | Y | N | Unclear directionality of change in AD | |
| miR-29a-3p | 12.5 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-30a-3p | 15.5 | Y | Y | NO TREND | Probably decreased in both MCI and AD, but with unclear ordering |
| miR-30d-5p | 26 | N | N | Tended to be decreased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-125b-5p | 17 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-140-5p | 12.5 | Y | Y | AD vs. MCI+NC | Decreased in AD, but not MCI |
| miR-142-3p | 1 | Y | N | TREND | Decreasing as NC > MCI > AD; |
| miR-143-3p | 9 | Y | N | Tended to be decreased in AD, but often not expressed | |
| miR-145-5p | 20 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-145-3p | 20 | N | N | Tended to be decreased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-146a-5p | 18 | Y | Y | TREND | Decreasing as NC > MCI > AD |
| miR-146b-5p | 22 | Y | Y | TREND | Decreasing as NC > MCI > AD |
| miR-193a-5p | 6 | Y | Y | TREND | Decreasing as NC > MCI > AD |
| miR-195-5p | 27 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-202-3p | 32.5 | N | N | Tended to be increased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-223-3p | 24 | Y | Y | NO TREND | Increased in MCI and AD, but with large variance |
| miR-328-3p | 12.5 | Y | N | Often decreased in AD, but not consistently across cohorts | |
| miR-331-3p | 32.5 | Y | Y | AD vs. MCI+NC |
Decreased in AD but not MCI |
| miR-340-5p | 4 | N | N | Very rarely expressed; unclear directionality of change in AD | |
| miR-365a-3p | 32.5 | Y | Y | TREND | Decreasing as NC > MCI > AD |
| miR-378a-3p | 8 | Y | Y | NO TREND | Increased in MCI and AD, but with large variance |
| miR-484 | 32.5 | Y | Y | AD+MCI vs. NC | Increased equally in MCI and AD |
| miR-519b-3p | 20 | N | N | Technical problems with amplification in all trials; probe seems unusable for CSF | |
| miR-520b | 5 | N | N | Very rarely expressed in any condition, but more likely to appear in AD | |
| miR-532-5p | 28.5 | Y | N | Tended to be decreased in AD, but often not expressed | |
| miR-584-5p | 36 | Y | Y | NO TREND | Probably increased in both MCI and AD, but with unclear ordering |
| miR-590-5p | 32.5 | N | N | Tended to be increased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-597-5p | 3 | Y | Y | NO TREND | Tended to be increased in AD, but with large variance |
| miR-603 | 28.5 | N | N | Tended to be increased in AD, but rarely expressed | |
| miR-1291 | 2 | N | N | Very rarely expressed in any condition, but more likely to appear in AD |