Table 2. Summary of deep-learning networks.

No.	Encoder	Decoder/base architecture	Total parameter (million)	Prediction time per image (ms)
1	ResNet-34 [13]	PSPNet [14]	21.44	46.7
2	ResNet-34 [13]	LinkNet [15]	21.77	52.8
3	ResNet-34 [13]	DeepLabV3+ [10]	22.43	51.6
4	ResNet-34 [13]	UNet++ [11]	26.07	55.9
5	DenseNet-121 [16]	UNet [17]	13.60	73.6
6	Res2Net-50 [18]	UNet [17]	31.63	62.1
7	Xception [19]	DeepLabV3+ [10]	37.77	67.1
8	EfficientNet-B4 [12]	FPN [20]	19.35	76.2
9	EfficientNet-B4 [12]	DeepLabV3+ [10]	18.62	68.1
10	EfficientNet-B4 [12]	UNet++ [11]	20.81	80.0