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. 2022 Jun 23;50(12):6715–6734. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac501

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 9. — Proposed working model for the function of AtNusG in chloroplasts. AtNusG couples the chloroplast PEP complex and chloroplast ribosomes to ensure the rapid synthesis of chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic proteins. In the atnusg mutant, the uncoupling reduced the translation efficiency of these photosynthetic proteins, which could not satisfy the needs of rapid chloroplast development and the establishment of photosynthetic ability in emerging young leaves; cold stress exacerbated the effect on chloroplast development.