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. 2022 Jul 7;11(7):e1404. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1404

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© 2022 The Authors. Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Domain structure of inflammasomes and regulators. Different types of inflammasomes are shown; Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerisation domain NOD‐like receptors (NLRs): NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRC4 and NLRC5 all contain a central NACHT domain and a and C‐terminal leucine‐rich repeats (LRRs) domain; NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6 encompass an N‐terminal Pyrin domain (PYD); NLRP1, NLRC4 and NLRC5 contain a caspase recruitment domain (CARD); only the human NLRP1 contains a function‐to‐find domain (FIIND). Pyrin inflammasome consists of a PYD, a B‐box (BB), a coiled‐coil (CC), and a B30.2 domain. The AIM2‐Like Receptors (ALR) AIM2 and IFI16 are members of PYHIN family, containing an N‐terminal PYD and C‐terminal HIN‐200 domain. PYD‐only proteins (POPs) and CARD‐only proteins (COPs) are composed of PYD or CARD domains, accordingly, with different amino acid (AA) composition. The adaptor protein ASC links inflammasome sensors and caspase‐1 via the PYD and CARD domains.