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. 2022 Jul 7;11(7):e1404. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1404

Figure 2.

Figure 2

NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are able to induce the priming step inducing the transcriptional upregulation of inflammasome components. DAMPs or PAMPs are subsequently sensed inducing oligomerisation of the inflammasome sensor, NLRP3. Caspase‐1, NEK7, ASC and the NLRP3 all together form the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP11bound to ASC is required for NLRP3 oligomerisation and ASC polymerisation. The inflammasome is activated and active caspase‐1 cleaves pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18 to their mature forms IL‐1β and IL‐18 which get secreted through gasdermin D pores (GSDMD); alternatively, IL‐1β and IL‐18 can be secreted via different mechanism avoiding GSDMD.