Table 1.

Summary of study findings related to radiation-related risk factors

Study	Study findings
Chung et al. [57]	Significant MHD effect per gray for cardiac toxicity in Asian women with breast cancer.
	The detrimental effect of radiation on the heart is independent of other cardiac risk factors.
Atkins et al. [58]	Optimal cardiac dose constraints may differ based on preexisting coronary heart disease.
	Left anterior descending coronary artery volume receiving 15 Gy greater than or equal to 10% is an independent estimator of the probability of major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality, particularly in patients without coronary heart disease.
	Left ventricle volume receiving 15 Gy greater than or equal to 1% is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events among patients with coronary heart disease.
Jang et al. [59]	A high left ventricle radiation dose could raise adverse cardiovascular events in patients with stage III NSCLC and increased cardiovascular risk.
	Pre-treatment evaluation of cardiac risk and individualized surveillance may help prevent cardiac events post-chemoradiotherapy.
Morris et al. [60]	Deep learning poses extensive efficiency and accuracy gains for cardiac substructure segmentation, offering the increased potential for rapid implementation into radiation therapy planning for improved cardiac sparing.
Clasen et al. [61]	Modest subclinical changes in cardiac function measures were seen in the short term with use of modern radiation planning techniques.
Atkins et al. [62]	Cardiac radiation dose exposure is a cardiac risk factor for major adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality in advanced NSCLC.
	Early recognition of cardiovascular events along with their treatment and more stringent avoidance of increased cardiac radiotherapy dose is required.
Boggard et al. [63]	A significant dose-effect relationship was found for acute coronary events within nine years after radiation therapy.
	Left ventricle receiving 5 Gy seemed to be a better prognosticator for adverse cardiac events than MHD.
	Reducing the exposure of the heart to radiation is essential to avoid the excess risk of acute coronary events after radiotherapy for breast cancer.
Taylor et al. [64]	For individual left ventricle and coronary artery segments, increased radiation doses were strongly associated with more frequent injury
	All segments are sensitive to radiation, and doses to all segments should be minimized.

MHD, mean heart dose; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.