Table 10. Studies reporting outcomes with trimodal bladder preserving therapy (TMT).

Author (year)	Pathologic complete response	Pathologic downstaging	Median follow up after cystectomy	Survival outcomes after cystectomy	Major independent factor(s) other than histologic phenotype affecting response/outcomes analyzed	Comments
Nagumo (12) (2020), n=148 (VH n=11) 11 patients having VH MIBC were treated with TMT	pCR was achieved in 9 out of 11 (82%) patients treated with TMT	–	–	–	–	6 out of 7 patients with squamous or glandular differentiation achieved pCR with TMT.

VH, variant histology; MIBC, muscle invasive bladder cancer; TMT, trimodal bladder preserving therapy; pCR, pathologic complete response.