PGA production and cultivation of B.
licheniformis ATCC 9945 (A) and B. subtilis 1551
(B) in artificial liquid manure. The strains were cultivated at 35°C
for 96 h in 500-ml conical flasks equipped with three baffles
containing 100 ml of artificial liquid manure. The concentration of
each carbon source was 0.5% (wt/vol). Symbols: ●, sodium gluconate;
■, glucose; ▴, sucrose; ▾, beet molasses; ○, whey; □, no
carbon source.