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. 2022 Jul 7;12:9842. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13386-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effect of a gastrocnemius avoidance coordination pattern on knee contact force. (a) The mean (line) and standard deviation (shading) of knee contact force for the participants who reduced late-stance gastrocnemius activation during the retention trial (n = 8). These participants reduced their second peak of knee contact force compared to baseline (*p = 0.029, paired t test). (b) Changes in the first and second peak contact force between baseline (base.) and retention (ret.) are shown for all participants (n = 10), with the two participants who did not retain a reduction in late stance gastrocnemius activation represented with dashed lines. Six of the eight individuals who reduced late-stance gastrocnemius activation reduced their second peak knee contact force, but five increased their first peak. (c) For the eight subjects who reduced late-stance gastrocnemius activation, the change in knee contact force is decomposed into the intersegmental and muscle force components. Reductions in the second peak of knee contact force are primarily driven by reductions in gastrocnemius force.