Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical-therapeutic characteristics.
| Variables | n = 136 |
|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |
| Age (years) | 72.6 ± 11.0 |
| Male gender | 74 (54.4%) |
| Diabetes characteristics | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 13.5 ± 7.4 |
| Diabetes therapy Metformin Sulfonylurea DPP-4 inhibitorGLP-1 receptor agonist (no semaglutide) SGLT-2 inhibitor Basal insulin Basal insulin dose (Units/day) Insulin combinations |
81 (59.6%) 4 (2.9%) 54 (39.7%) 46 (33.8%) 52 (38.2%) 86 (63.2%) 39.0 ± 21.8 16 (13.8%) |
| Statins | 122 (89.7%) |
| Heart failure characteristics | |
| Heart failure duration (years) | 6,5 ± 3.2 |
| Principal cause of heart failure Ischemic Non-ischemic |
56 (41.2%) 80 (58.8%) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 52.5 ± 10.9 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction <40% | 54 (39.7%) |
| Heart failure medication Diuretic ACE inhibitor ARB Sacubitril-valsartan Beta-blocker Ivabradin Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist Digitalis Anticoagulant |
134 (98.8%) 24 (16.9%) 62 (45.6%) 34 (25.0%) 102 (75.0%) 25 (18.3%) 59 (43.4%) 16 (11.8%) 72 (52.9%) |
| Previous medical history | |
| History of smoking | 76 (55.9%) |
| History of alcohol abuse | 13 (9.6%) |
| Hypertension | 136 (100.0%) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 124 (91.2%) |
| Chronic kidney disease stage ≥3 | 88 (64.7%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (11.0%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 34 (25.0%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 62 (45.6%) |
Continuous data are shown as means (standard deviations) and qualitative data as absolute value and percentage.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; SGLT-2, sodium−glucose cotransporter 2.