Table 1.

Identification and comparison of CADASIL, small arteriolosclerosis CSVD and MS.

	CADASIL	Small arteriolosclerosis CSVD	MS
Clinical course	Progressive	Progressive	Multiphase course
Pathological manifestation	Deposition of osmiophilic particles in vascular smooth muscle	Small arteriosclerosis, lipohyalinosis, fibrinoid necrosis	Small perivenous inflammation
Paraventricular	Involved	The lesion is symmetrical and less likely to be adjacent to the ventricular canal	The lesion is asymmetric and often adjacent to the ventricular canal
Temporal pole	Early involvement with a characteristic lesion site	Rarely involved	Involved
Corpus callosum	Commonly involved	Rarely involved	Frequently involved
U-shaped fiber bundle	Involved	Not involved	Involved
Cortex	Not commonly involved	Not commonly involved	Involved
Optical nerve	Not involved	Not involved	Involved
Brainstem	Early stages are less frequently involved and late stages can involve	Central part of the pons	Peripheral part of the pons (dorsal and ventral), asymmetric
Spine	Not involved	Not involved	Focally located in the periphery of the spinal cord, short segments, posterior and lateral cords are common
Laboratory tests	Genetic testing	VRFs	OCB, IgG in the sheath