Table 3.

Most frequent comorbidities based on selected studies

Comorbidity	Prevalence (%) (minimum–maximum)	Study
Hypertension	17–64.7	Holguin (2005) [15], Battaglia (2015) [25]
Coronary artery disease	19.9–47.8	Battaglia (2015) [25], Schwab (2017) [32]
Diabetes	10.2–45	Baty (2013) [17], Dal Negro (2015) [24]
Osteoarthritis	18–43.8	Westerik (2017) [31], Schwab (2017) [32]
Psychiatric conditions	12.1–33	Baty (2013) [17], Koskela (2014) [22]
Asthma	14.7–32.5	Mannino (2015) [26], Jeong (2016) [28]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	11.2–28	Miller (2013) [18], Deniz (2016) [29]
Chronic heart failure	7.8–27.6	Jeong (2016) [28], Schwab (2017) [32]
Chronic kidney disease	9.9–25.8	Mannino (2015) [26], Schwab (2017) [32]
Arrhythmia	14.4–24	Ongel (2014) [20], Divo (2018) [33]
Osteoporosis	6.9–20.1	Mannino (2015) [26], Schwab (2017) [32]
Obesity	2.8–20	Diez-Manglano (2014) [21], Deniz (2016) [29]
Atrial fibrillation	9.7–13	Divo (2012) [16], Baty (2013) [17]