Table 2.
Comparison of distribution of causative bacteria between the 2 phases
| Variable | EOS |
LOS |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I (n=35) (1998–2007) | Phase II (n=17) (2008–2017) | P value | OR (95% CI) | Phase I (n=324) (1998–2007) | Phase II (n=519) (2008–2017) | P value | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Gram-positive bacteria | 26 (74.3) | 8 (47.1) | 0.053a) | 0.308 (0.091–1.039) | 212 (65.4) | 428 (82.5) | <0.001a) | 2.485 (1.801–3.428) | |
| CoNS | 11 (31.4) | 5 (29.4) | 0.882a) | 0.909 (0.257–3.218) | 114 (35.2) | 345 (66.5) | <0.001a) | 3.652 (2.728–4.890) | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0) | 0.290b) | - | 51 (15.7) | 57 (11.0) | 0.044a) | 0.660 (0.440–0.991) | |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 0.327b) | - | 5 (1.5) | 11 (2.1) | 0.551a) | 1.381 (0.476–4.013) | |
| Streptococcus agalactiae, group B | 2 (5.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0.589b) | 2.200 (0.282–17.137) | 1 (0.3) | 4 (0.8) | 0.654b) | 2.509 (0.279–22.545) | |
| Othersc) | 9 (25.7) | 0 (0) | 0.023b) | - | 41 (12.7) | 11 (2.1) | <0.001a) | 0.149 (0.076–0.295) | |
| Gram-negative bacteria | 9 (25.7) | 9 (52.9) | 0.053a) | 3.250 (0.962–10.978) | 112 (34.6) | 91 (17.5) | <0.001a) | 0.402 (0.292–0.555) | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 (2.9) | 2 (11.8) | 0.246b) | 4.533 (0.381–53.925) | 32 (9.9) | 29 (5.6) | 0.019a) | 0.540 (0.320–0.911) | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 4 (11.4) | 1 (5.9) | 1.000b) | 0.484 (0.050–4.702) | 18 (5.6) | 9 (1.7) | 0.002a) | 0.300 (0.133–0.676) | |
| Escherichia coli | 1 (2.9) | 2 (11.8) | 0.246b) | 4.533 (0.381–53.925) | 13 (4.0) | 12 (2.3) | 0.157a) | 0.566 (0.255–1.257) | |
| Burkholderia cepacia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.9) | 0.327b) | - | 7 (2.2) | 17 (3.3) | 0.344a) | 1.534 (0.629–3.740) | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2 (5.7) | 0 (0) | 1.000b) | - | 18 (5.6) | 3 (0.6) | <0.001a) | 0.099 (0.029–0.338) | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | 0.103b) | - | 9 (2.8) | 4 (0.8) | 0.040b) | 0.272 (0.083–0.890) | |
| Serratia marcescens | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | 6 (1.9) | 7 (1.3) | 0.576b) | 0.725 (0.241–2.175) | ||
| Enterobacter aerogenes | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 1.000b) | - | 6 (1.9) | 2 (0.4) | 0.060b) | 0.205 (0.041–1.022) | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | 3 (0.9) | 5 (1.0) | 1.000b) | 1.041 (0.247–4.385) | ||
| Othersd) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 0.327b) | - | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.4) | 0.289a) | - | |
Values are presented as number (%).
EOS, early-onset sepsis; LOS, late-onset sepsis; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CoNS, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.
a)
Chi-square test.
b)
Fisher extract test.
c)
Others: Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus species (except S. agalactiae), Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus species, Clostridium clostridioforme, Micrococcus species.
d)
Others: Haemophilus influenza, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Salmonella group C.
Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference with P<0.05.