Table 4.
Effects of dietary supplementation of GMOS on ruminal and cecal fermentation parameters in goats.
| Gastrointestinal | Parameters | Treatments 1 | SEM | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | GMOS | ||||
| Rumen | TVFA (mmol/L) | 51.09 | 46.74 | 2.04 | 0.26 |
| Acetate (A) (%) | 69.31 | 66.64 | 0.80 | 0.08 | |
| Propionate (P) (%) | 22.67b | 25.32a | 0.72 | 0.05 | |
| Butyrate (%) | 3.01 | 2.82 | 0.68 | 0.79 | |
| Iso-butyrate (%) | 1.93 | 1.75 | 0.14 | 0.82 | |
| Valerate (%) | 1.05 | 1.20 | 0.05 | 0.18 | |
| Iso-valerate (%) | 2.68 | 2.87 | 0.13 | 0.48 | |
| Proportion A:P | 3.06 | 2.69 | 0.11 | 0.07 | |
| NH3-N (mg/100 ml) | 17.50 | 15.07 | 1.19 | 0.45 | |
| Cecum | TVFA (μmol/g) | 48.95 | 52.09 | 3.08 | 0.63 |
| Acetate (A) (%) | 70.15 | 70.86 | 0.96 | 0.72 | |
| Propionate (P) (%) | 14.95a | 13.60b | 0.36 | 0.03 | |
| Butyrate (%) | 10.74 | 9.14 | 0.63 | 0.18 | |
| Iso-butyrate (%) | 1.28 | 1.14 | 0.04 | 0.13 | |
| Valerate (%) | 1.48 | 1.34 | 0.07 | 0.33 | |
| Iso-valerate (%) | 1.10 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.13 | |
| Proportion A:P | 4.72b | 5.45a | 0.14 | <0.01 | |
| NH3-N(mg/g) | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.32 | |
a, bMean values within a row with different superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05).
1CON, control diet, without additive; GMOS, control diet + 0.05% GMOS.
SEM, standard error of the mean; TVFA, total volatile fatty acid.