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Observed value difference and P-value of salivary biomarkers between the groups.
| Cigarette smokers | E-cigs users | Cigarette smokers | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| –Non-smoker | –Non-smoker | - e-cigs users | ||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | Mean Difference | 27.12906 | 10.58016 | 16.54890 |
| P-value | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | |
| TGF-β (pg/ml) | Mean Difference | 131.22308 | 36.75000 | 94.47308 |
| P-value | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | |
Statistically significant differences.
