Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for “time to discharge” estimated via Cox proportional hazard regression models.
| Variable | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI)∗ | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID positive versus negative | 0.60 (0.48-0.74) | <0.0001 | 0.63 (0.49-0.80) | <0.001 |
| Age | 0.99 (0.988-0.996) | <0.001 | --- | --- |
| Urban versus suburban hospital | 1.06 (0.89-1.27) | 0.491 | --- | --- |
| ISS | 0.98 (0.96-0.990) | 0.002 | 0.97 (0.95-0.98) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 0.88 (0.73-1.07) | 0.187 | --- | --- |
| Hypertension w/ complication | 0.67 (0.56-0.81) | <0.0001 | --- | --- |
| Diabetes w/ complication | 0.73 (0.58-0.92) | 0.007 | --- | --- |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.64 (0.52-0.79) | <0.0001 | 0.72 (0.57-0.92) | 0.008 |
| Renal failure | 0.72 (0.59-0.88) | 0.001 | --- | --- |
| Blood loss anemia | 0.86 (0.55-1.33) | 0.491 | --- | --- |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 0.71 (0.60-0.85) | <0.001 | --- | --- |
| Coagulopathy | 0.64 (0.50-0.81) | <0.001 | --- | --- |
| Deficiency anemia | 0.80 (0.62-1.04) | 0.096 | --- | --- |
| Depression | 0.81 (0.66-0.99) | 0.037 | --- | --- |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 0.51 (0.43-0.61) | <0.0001 | 0.58 (0.48-0.71) | <0.0001 |
| Other neurological disorders | 0.64 (0.52-0.78) | <0.0001 | 0.69 (0.55-0.87) | 0.002 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 0.55 (0.42-0.72) | <0.0001 | 0.69 (0.51-0.95) | 0.022 |
| Psychoses | 0.79 (0.48-1.30) | 0.36 | --- | --- |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 0.69 (0.55-0.85) | <0.001 | --- | --- |
| Weight loss | 0.62 (0.49-0.78) | <0.0001 | 0.73 (0.56-0.95) | 0.019 |
∗
Please note our main purpose was to evaluate if the COVID status significantly affects death in trauma patients. So, only characteristics with P values <0.25 comparing COVID+ and COVID− groups (Table 1) were considered for the multivariable model. Factors with P value ≥0.25 were deemed irrelevant in this context.