Table 3.

Symptoms of burnout according to demographic characteristics.

Demographic characteristic		Symptom of burnout, mean (SD)
		Emotional exhaustion	Cynicism	Professional efficacy
Gender
	Female	3.07 (1.51)	1.93 (1.51)	4.80 (0.94)
	Male	2.76 (1.37)	1.86 (1.35)	4.87 (0.83)
	Other	4.20 (2.55)*	2.70 (1.27)*	2.08 (0.12)*
	Prefer not to say	3.09 (1.72)	2.73 (1.77)*	4.49 (1.08)
Role
	Clinical	3.20 (1.46)*	2.04 (1.52)	4.71 (0.97)
	Non-clinical	2.54 (1.49)	1.61 (1.43)	5.03 (0.85)
Position
	Specialist veterinarian	2.87 (1.40)	1.76 (1.34)	4.67 (0.96)
	Non-specialist veterinarian	3.51 (1.36)*	1.71 (1.15)	5.02 (0.52)
	Resident/intern	3.29 (1.10)*	1.70 (1.16)	4.61 (0.94)
	Veterinary nurse	3.52 (1.35)*	2.43 (1.59)	4.68 (1.03)
	Trainee nurse/animal attendant	2.62 (1.99)	1.73 (2.02)	4.88 (1.10)
	Client services	2.08 (1.57)	1.28 (1.29)	5.07 (0.90)
	Support services	2.91 (1.43)	2.18 (1.61)	4.92 (0.82)
	Leadership	2.77 (1.26)	1.00 (0.70)	5.21 (0.90)
	Other	1.85 (2.02)	1.78 (1.38)	4.27 (1.14)
	Prefer not to say	2.55 (1.57)	2.21 (1.48)	4.77 (0.86)
Years working in veterinary care sector
	<1 year	2.14 (1.64)	1.41 (1.42)	4.84 (1.11)
	1–5 years	3.15 (1.54)	2.15 (1.63)	4.70 (0.95)
	6–10 years	3.56 (1.33)*	2.15 (1.31)	4.54 (1.00)
	More than 10 years	2.90 (1.40)	1.93 (1.49)	4.90 (0.88)
Years at current workplace
	<1 year	2.63 (1.56)	1.73 (1.54)	4.75 (1.13)
	1–5 years	3.27 (1.46)*	2.15 (1.50)	4.78 (0.78)
	6–10 years	3.51 (1.44)*	2.47 (1.47)	4.47 (1.01)
	More than 10 years	2.74 (1.33)	1.51 (1.19)	5.08 (0.92)

High levels of emotional exhaustion = mean ≥3.2, high levels of cynicism = mean ≥2.6, for CY, and low levels of professional efficacy = mean ≤3.8. Group means exceeding these thresholds are marked with asterisks.