Table I.
Demographic, preoperative, surgical, and histopathological characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 153) | NF-pNET (n = 61) | Insulinoma (n = 92) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at pNET diagnosis in y, median [range] | 36 [6–82] | 40 [15–73] | 32 [6–82] | .002 |
| Missing data (%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Age at surgery in y, median [range] | 38 [6–82] | 41 [20–73] | 34 [6–82] | .002 |
| Time from diagnosis until surgery in y, median [range] | 0.5 [0–15] | 0.5 [0–15] | 0.3 [0–15] | .006 |
| Missing data (%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | |
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Male | 66 (43%) | 34 (56%) | 32 (35%) | .010 |
| Female | 87 (57%) | 27 (44%) | 60 (65%) | |
| Size largest pNET on preoperative imaging in mm, median [range] | 20 [4–98] | 27 [8–86] | 20 [4–98] | .009 |
| Missing data (%) | 18 (12%) | 5 (8%) | 13 (14%) | |
| Number of pNETs on preoperative imaging (%) | ||||
| 0 | 5 (3%) | 4 (7%) | 1 (1%) | .221 |
| 1 | 71 (46%) | 29 (48%) | 42 (48%) | |
| 2 | 29 (19%) | 9 (15%) | 20 (23%) | |
| ≥3 | 42 (28%) | 18 (30%) | 24 (28%) | |
| Missing data (%) | 6 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 5 (5%) | |
| Suspected lymph node metastases on preoperative conventional imaging (%) | 5 (3%) | 5 (8%) | 0 (0%) | .009 |
| Missing data (%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | |
| Type of resection (%) | ||||
| Enucleation | 23 (15%) | 9 (15%) | 14 (15%) | - |
| Multiple enucleations | 6 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 4 (4%) | |
| Distal pancreatectomy | 71 (46%) | 33 (54%) | 38 (41%) | |
| Distal pancreatectomy and enucleation | 27 (18%) | 2 (3%) | 25 (27%) | |
| Whipple or PPPD | 10 (7%) | 5 (8%) | 5 (5%) | |
| Whipple/PPPD and enucleation | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Whipple/PPPD and distal pancreatectomy | 5 (3%) | 3 (5%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Pancreatic body resection | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Total pancreatectomy | 8 (5%) | 6 (10%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Combined resection (%) | 40 (26.1%) | 7 (12%) | 33 (36%) | .001 |
| Number of pNETs in the resection specimen (%) | ||||
| 1 | 39 (26%) | 18 (30%) | 21 (24%) | .100 |
| 2 | 27 (18%) | 15 (25%) | 12 (14%) | |
| ≥3 | 83 (56%) | 28 (46%) | 55 (63%) | |
| Missing data (%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4%) | |
| Size largest pNET pathology in mm, median [range] | 20 [3–120] | 25 [3–120] | 20 [5–110] | .045 |
| Missing data (%) | 13 (8%) | 3 (5%) | 10 (11%) | |
| Lymph node metastases (%) | ||||
| Lymph node metastases | 22 (14%) | 18 (30%) | 4 (4%) | < .001 |
| No lymph node metastases | 51 (33%) | 14 (23%) | 37 (40%) | |
| No lymph nodes resected | 61 (40%) | 29 (48%) | 32 (35%) | |
| Missing data (%) | 19 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (21%) | |
| WHO grade | ||||
| G1 | 87 (78%) | 45 (79%) | 42 (76%) | .539 |
| G2 | 24 (21%) | 11 (19%) | 13 (24%) | |
| G3 | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | |
| Missing data (%) | 41 (27%) | 4 (7%) | 37 (40%) |
PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy.