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. 2022 Jun 24;13:900153. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.900153

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Copyright © 2022 Kumar and Diamond

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean interstitial 24-hour glucose profile measured by CGM in patients with type 2 diabetes before and during Ramadan. Adapted from International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2021 guidelines on management of diabetes during Ramadan. Written permission obtained by Professor Mohamed Hassanein and Professor Bachar Afandi, lead authors of the IDF 2021 guidelines. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data was obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 54) before Ramadan (blue) and during Ramadan (red). Fasting and feeding periods (green) as well as sunset and sunrise times (yellow) are indicated. Average interstitial glucose concentrations were similar between periods before and during Ramadan. Greater glycemic variability was demonstrated during Ramadan with nadir in BGLs pre-Iftar followed by peak post-Iftar, with second smaller rise post-Suhur.