Table 3.

Descriptive statistics.

Items	Mean	Median	Std. Deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis
I believe I can do well in my coursework by working hard.	4.3	4.0	0.8	-1.1	1.2
Learning at college is important to me.	4.2	4.0	0.8	-0.8	0.0
I am very pleased with myself when I fully understand what I'm taught in class.	4.2	4.0	0.8	-0.7	-0.1
Before I start an assignment, I plan how I am going to do it.	4.0	4.0	0.9	-0.7	0.0
I usually study in places where I can concentrate.	4.1	4.0	0.9	-0.8	0.0
If I don't understand a subject, I review it until I understand.	3.7	4.0	1.0	-0.4	-0.6
I worry a lot when exams and assignments are coming up.	2.5	2.0	1.2	0.4	-0.7
I am often unsure how to avoid doing poorly in my coursework.	2.6	2.0	1.2	0.3	-0.9
I usually work at college because I want to please my family.	2.8	3.0	1.3	0.3	-1.1
I sometimes don't study very hard before exams so I have an excuse if I do poorly.	2.9	3.0	1.3	0.1	-1.1
When I study, I feel mentally strong.	3.9	4.0	0.9	-0.4	-0.5
When I study, I feel like I am bursting with energy.	3.5	4.0	1.1	-0.3	-0.7
When I study, I feel strong and vigorous.	3.6	4.0	1.0	-0.4	-0.6
I find my studies to be full of meaning and purpose.	3.3	3.0	1.2	-0.1	-0.9
I am inspired by my studies.	3.8	4.0	1.0	-0.5	-0.3
I am enthusiastic about my studies.	3.8	4.0	1.0	-0.4	-0.4
When I am studying, I forget everything around me.	3.6	4.0	1.1	-0.5	-0.5
I am happy when I'm studying intensively.	3.8	4.0	1.0	-0.7	-0.1
I can get carried away by my studies.	3.5	4.0	1.2	-0.4	-0.7