Table 2.

Investigations, treatment and follow-up of patients with granulomatous cardiomyopathy

TB:- Tuberculosis, AFB:- Acid Fast Bacilli, PCR:- Polymerase chain reaction, MRI:- Magnetic Resonance imaging, FDG PET:- Fluoro-deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography, AICD:- Automatic Implantable cardiac defibrillator, Cyclo:- Cyclophosphamide, ACE:- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, ESR:-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, LVEF:- Left ventricular Ejection Fraction.

Parameters	Sarcoid (n = 20)	TB (n = 15)	Indeterminate (n = 17)	P value
	n(%) or mean ± SD	n(%) or mean ± SD	n(%) or mean ± SD
Imaging
Cardiac MRI scarring	19 (95)	15 (100)	16 (94.1)	0.9780
FDG PET inflammation	8/8 (100)	8/8 (100)	5/5 (100)	0.9384
Histopathology lymph node:
caseating granulomas	0 (0)	15 (100)	0 (0)	<0.001
Non caseating granulomas	20 (100)	0 (0)	17 (100)
Etiological analysis:
Mantoux positive	0 (0)	15 (100)	17 (100)	<0.001
AFB culture positive	0 (0)	3 (20.0).	0 (0)	0.0205
TB PCR positive	0 (0))	5 (33.3)	0 (0)	0.0012
ACE level (U/L)	64.8 ± 21.8	39.2 ± 11.2	52.8 ± 15.4	0.0003 (<0.0001 for Sarcoid vs TB; 0.059 for Sarcoid vs Indeterminate; 0.0076 for TB vs Indetermi-nate)
ESR level (mm)	18.9 ± 6.7	43.6 ± 18.4	36.2 ± 21.1	0.0001 (<0.0001 for Sarcoid vs TB; 0.004 for Sarcoid vs Indeterminate; 0.2959 for TB vs Indeterminate)
Treatment:
Antiarrhythmic therapy:
Amiodarone/Sotalol/Mexiletine	15 (75)	13 (86.7)	15 (88.2)	0.5072
Beta blockers	18 (90)	15 (100)	16 (94.1)	0.7692
sympathetic denervation	1 (5))	0 (0)	1 (5.8)	1.000
Radiofrequency ablation	6 (30)	3 (20.0)	8 (47.1)
AICD	12 (60	4 (26.7))	10 (58.8)	0.1004
Disease specific therapy
steroids	20 (100)	2 (13.3)	16 (94.1)	<0.0001
Cyclo/Aza/Metho	9 (45)	0 (0)	4 (23.5)	0.0072
ATT	1 (5)	15 (100)	14 (82.4)	<0.0001
Follow up
Arrhythmia recurrence	6 (30)	2 (13.3)	7 (41.2)	0.2197
LVEF (%)	50.2 ± 12.4	52.7 ± 8.0	53.7 ± 7.4
Death	0 (0)	1 (6.7)	0 (0)