Table 1. Patient Demographics and Odds of In-Person vs Telemedicine Visits.
| Category | Unique patients, No. (%) (N = 720) | Visits, No./total No. (%) (N = 2031)a | GEE-adjusted OR for telemedicine (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In person (n = 679) | Telemedicine (n = 1352) | |||
| Age, y | ||||
| >65 | 402 (55.83) | 396/1146 (34.55) | 750/1146 (65.45) | 0.88 (0.72-1.08) |
| ≤65 | 318 (44.17) | 283/885 (31.98) | 602/885 (68.02) | 1 [Reference] |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 336 (46.67) | 297/926 (32.07) | 629/926 (67.93) | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 384 (53.33) | 382/1105 (34.57) | 723/1105 (65.43) | 0.88 (0.72-1.07) |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 133 (18.47) | 136/375 (36.27) | 239/375 (63.73) | 0.97 (0.67-1.40) |
| White | 511 (70.97) | 473/1448 (32.67) | 975/1448 (67.33) | 1 [Reference] |
| Otherb | 76 (10.56) | 70/208 (33.65) | 138/208 (66.35) | 0.86 (0.67-1.12) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 20 (2.78) | 25/58 (43.10) | 33/58 (56.90) | 0.64 (0.30-1.35) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 677 (94.03) | 637/1930 (33.01) | 1293/1930 (66.99) | 1 [Reference] |
| Not specified or unknown | 23 (3.19) | 17/43 (39.53) | 26/43 (60.47) | 0.79 (0.46-1.36) |
| Insurance | ||||
| Medicare | 274 (38.06) | 271/771 (35.15) | 500/771 (64.85) | 0.87 (0.70-1.09) |
| Medicare plus supplementary insurance | 89 (12.36) | 75/237 (31.65) | 162/237 (68.35) | 1.00 (0.75-1.34) |
| Medicaid | 47 (6.53) | 49/125 (39.20) | 76/125 (60.80) | 0.72 (0.49-1.05) |
| Private or self-pay | 310 (43.06) | 284/898 (31.63) | 614/898 (68.37) | 1 [Reference] |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single, divorced, separated, widowed, or unknown | 259 (35.97) | 272/746 (36.46) | 474/746 (63.54) | 1 [Reference] |
| Married or partnered | 461 (64.03) | 407/1285 (31.67) | 878/1285 (68.33) | 1.26 (1.02-1.55) |
| Cancer type | ||||
| NSCLC | 521 (72.36) | 497/1512 (32.87) | 1015/1512 (67.13) | 1 [Reference] |
| Small cell lung | 49 (6.81) | 44/138 (31.88) | 94/138 (68.12) | 1.04 (0.72-1.51) |
| Esophageal | 114 (15.83) | 107/299 (35.79) | 192/299 (64.21) | 0.88 (0.66-1.17) |
| Other | 36 (5.00) | 31/82 (37.80) | 51/82 (62.20) | 0.82 (0.52-1.28) |
| Cancer stage | ||||
| I/II | 107 (14.90) | 66/216 (30.56) | 150/216 (69.44) | 1 [Reference] |
| III | 158 (22.01) | 178/473 (37.63) | 295/473 (62.37) | 0.70 (0.48-1.03) |
| IV | 453 (63.09) | 434/1337 (32.46) | 903/1337 (67.54) | 0.91 (0.65-1.28) |
| Therapy type | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 76 (10.58) | 151/532 (28.38) | 381/532 (71.62) | 1 [Reference] |
| Combination | 48 (6.69) | 91/273 (33.33) | 182/273 (66.67) | 0.79 (0.53-1.17) |
| Immunotherapy | 73 (10.17) | 128/327 (39.14) | 199/327 (60.86) | 0.60 (0.43-0.82) |
| No therapy | 411 (57.24) | 245/657 (37.29) | 412/657 (62.71) | 0.67 (0.50-0.89) |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | 110 (15.32) | 62/231 (26.84) | 169/231 (73.16) | 1.06 (0.73-1.56) |
| Month | ||||
| March | 323 (44.86) | 367/457 (80.31) | 90/457 (19.69) | 1 [Reference] |
| April | 122 (16.94) | 44/405 (10.86) | 361/405 (89.14) | 31.93 (22.67-44.97) |
| May | 100 (13.89) | 40/396 (10.10) | 356/396 (89.90) | 37.68 (25.40-55.89) |
| June | 139 (19.31) | 153/526 (29.09) | 373/526 (70.91) | 10.00 (7.55-13.26) |
| July | 36 (5.00) | 75/247 (30.36) | 172/247 (69.64) | 9.80 (6.83-14.06) |
| High-risk zip codec | ||||
| No | 658 (91.39) | 588/1799 (32.68) | 1211/1799 (67.32) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 62 (8.61) | 91/232 (39.22) | 141/232 (60.78) | 0.74 (0.52-1.05) |
Abbreviations: GEE, generalized estimating equation; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer; OR, odds ratio.
a
Percentages shown are for the proportion of in-person or telemedicine visits among the total visits of both types for the given demographic category.
b
Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or not specified.
c
Defined as zip codes in East Baltimore, Maryland, that had previously been identified through our institutional cancer registry as having elevated rates of cancer mortality compared with other zip codes in Baltimore.