Table 3. Patients’ Mental State and Sleep Quality as Secondary Outcomes.
| Outcome | Mean change from baseline (95% CI) | EA vs SA groups | EA vs control groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA group | SA group | Control group | Difference (95% CI) | P valuea | Difference (95% CI) | P valuea | |
| HDRS-17b | |||||||
| Week 4 | −7.0 (−8.0 to −6.0) | −3.7 (−4.4 to −2.9) | −1.3 (−2.1 to −0.4) | −3.1 (−4.3 to −2.0) | <.001 | −5.7 (−6.9 to −4.5) | <.001 |
| Week 8 | −10.7 (−11.8 to −9.7) | −5.0 (−5.8 to −4.1) | −1.9 (−2.9 to −0.8) | −5.5 (−6.8 to −4.3) | <.001 | −8.8 (−10.1 to −7.4) | <.001 |
| Week 12 | −10.9 (−11.9 to −9.8) | −4.2 (−5.1 to −3.4) | −2.2 (−3.3 to −1.1) | −6.4 (−7.6 to −5.2) | <.001 | −8.6 (−10.0 to −7.2) | <.001 |
| Week 20 | −9.2 (−10.2 to −8.2) | −3.1 (−3.9 to −2.3) | −1.9 (−3.0 to −0.8) | −5.9 (−7.0 to −4.8) | <.001 | −7.3 (−8.6 to −5.9) | <.001 |
| Week 32 | −7.7 (−8.7 to −6.8) | −1.8 (−2.6 to −1.0) | −1.9 (−3.0 to −0.8) | −5.8 (−6.8 to −4.7) | <.001 | −5.8 (−7.1 to −4.5) | <.001 |
| ISIc | |||||||
| Week 4 | −4.5 (−5.2 to −3.8) | −1.9 (−2.4 to −1.4) | −0.7 (−1.3 to −0.1) | −2.6 (−3.4 to −1.8) | <.001 | −3.7 (−4.6 to −2.8) | <.001 |
| Week 8 | −7.6 (−8.5 to −6.7) | −3.3 (−4.1 to −2.6) | −1.4 (−2.2 to −0.7) | −4.3 (−5.4 to −3.3) | <.001 | −6.0 (−7.1 to −4.8) | <.001 |
| Self-rating Anxiety Scaled | |||||||
| Week 4 | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.1) | −0.4 (−1.1 to 0.2) | 0.26 (−0.6 to 1.1) | −1.7 (−2.6 to −0.7) | <.001 | −2.4 (−3.5 to −1.3) | <.001 |
| Week 8 | −2.9 (−4.1 to −1.7) | −1.4 (−2.5 to −0.3) | 0.14 (−0.9 to 1.2) | −1.6 (−3.0 to −0.1) | .07 | −3.2 (−4.6 to −1.7) | <.001 |
| Sleep efficiency | |||||||
| Week 4 | 80.7 (0.3 to 4.0) | 80.5 (−1.2 to 0.8) | 79.1 (−1.4 to 0.4) | 1.8 (−0.2 to 3.7) | .15 | 2.4 (0.5 to 4.4) | .03 |
| Week 8 | 84.4 (4.2 to 7.2) | 81.6 (−0.4 to 1.9) | 79.8 (−0.8 to 0.9) | 4.2 (2.6 to 5.8) | <.001 | 5.4 (3.9 to 6.9) | <.001 |
| Total sleep time, min | |||||||
| Week 4 | 14.2 (7.9 to 20.5) | −6.0 (−13.4 to 1.4) | −6.4 (−12.5 to −0.4) | 13.9 (5.5 to 22.4) | .004 | 17.3 (9.9 to 24.7) | <.001 |
| Week 8 | 29.1 (21.5 to 36.7) | −7.0 (−17.9 to 3.9) | −3.3 (−14.6 to 8.1) | 27.2 (15.8 to 38.7) | <.001 | 26.6 (15.8 to 37.4) | <.001 |
| No. of sleep awakenings | |||||||
| Week 4 | −0.1 (−1.3 to 1.0) | 0.5 (−0.7 to 1.6) | 0.8 (−0.2 to 1.8) | −0.2 (−1.7 to 1.3) | .76 | −0.5 (−1.9 to 0.9) | .46 |
| Week 8 | −0.8 (−2.9 to 1.3) | 0.6 (−0.9 to 2.0) | 0.9 (0.0 to 1.7) | −1.0 (−3.4 to 1.5) | .44 | −1.4 (−3.6 to 0.9) | .24 |
Abbreviations: EA, electroacupuncture; HDRS-17, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; SA, sham acupuncture.
a
Calculated using Bonferroni correction.
b
Scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating higher depression levels.
c
Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating worse quality of sleep.
d
Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating worse anxiety.