Table 3. VATS vs. RATS serum cytokine levels pre-operatively.
| Cytokine | VATS median | RATS median | VATS mean | RATS mean | Mean difference 0 hour | Mean difference 95% CI | Adjusted P value | VATS SEM | RATS SEM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-2 | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.908 | 0.867 | 0.041 | −15.51 to 15.59 | >0.99 | 0.378 | 0.229 |
| IL-4 | 1.56 | 1.51 | 2.421 | 1.513 | 0.907 | −14.64 to 16.46 | >0.99 | 0.865 | 0.102 |
| IL-6 | 1.69 | 1.84 | 5.283 | 2.748 | 2.535 | −13.02 to 18.09 | >0.99 | 2.529 | 0.456 |
| IL-8 | 4.15 | 4.03 | 9.288 | 4.457 | 4.831 | −10.72 to 20.38 | 0.99 | 3.635 | 0.495 |
| IL-10 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 2.476 | 0.617 | 1.859 | −13.69 to 17.41 | >0.99 | 1.916 | 0.122 |
| VEGF | 14.79 | 11.69 | 21.26 | 16.58 | 4.673 | −10.88 to 20.22 | 0.99 | 6.001 | 3.172 |
| IFNG | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.242 | 0.723 | −0.481 | −16.03 to 15.07 | >0.99 | 0.042 | 0.291 |
| TNFA | 1.51 | 1.46 | 1.501 | 1.652 | −0.151 | −15.70 to 15.40 | >0.99 | 0.217 | 0.227 |
| IL-1A | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.123 | 0.421 | −0.299 | −15.85 to 15.25 | >0.99 | 0.03 | 0.22 |
| IL-1B | 1.05 | 1.25 | 1.731 | 9.457 | −7.727 | −23.28 to 7.824 | 0.866 | 0.757 | 5.387 |
| MCP-1 | 104.24 | 87.6 | 107.1 | 104.4 | 2.656 | −12.90 to 18.21 | >0.99 | 9.58 | 10.07 |
| EGF | 2.61 | 2.65 | 4.044 | 5.653 | −1.61 | −17.16 to 13.94 | >0.99 | 0.887 | 8.602 |
VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery; RATS, robotic-assisted thoracic surgery; CI, confidence interval; SEM, standard error of the mean; IL, interleukin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IFNG, interferon-γ; TNFA, tumor necrosis factor-α; MCP-1, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1; EGF, endothelial growth factor.