Fig. 2.

Mirodenafil exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Aβ₄₂ and increasing concentrations of mirodenafil. A Measurement of intracellular cGMP levels via ELISA. B Western blot analysis and semiquantitative measurements for total CREB, phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), NGF, and BDNF. (n =3) C Assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential by tracking JC-1 dye. D Western blot analysis and semiquantitative measurements for the apoptotic markers caspase-3 and PARP. (n=3) E IncuCyte® live-cell imaging analysis to measure cell viability. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n ≥ 5; *P<0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. All statistical comparisons were performed relative to Aβ₄₂-treated cells. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons