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. 2022 Jul 7;13:36. doi: 10.1186/s13293-022-00446-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Effects of myocardial infarction (MI) and cigarette smoke (CS) on left ventricular volumes in males and females. Following MI surgery, both sexes displayed progressive LV dilatation through 7 days. A Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) of the CS-exposed and CS-naïve groups were compared at the day before surgery (BL/2 W), day 1, and day 7 post-MI. While LVEDV in both female groups was comparable at all timepoints, CS-exposed MI male group differed significantly from CS-naive MI male group at day 7. B Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) of the CS-exposed and CS-naive groups were compared at the day before surgery (day − 1), day 1, and day 7 post-MI. While LVESV in both female groups was comparable at all timepoints of assessment, CS-exposed MI male group differed significantly from CS-naïve MI males at day 7. N = 8 (MIF), 6 (MIM), 8 (SMIF), and 6 (SMIM). MI: myocardial Infarction; MIF: MI females group; MIM: MI male group; SMIF: smoking MI females group; SMIM: smoking MI males group; D-1: baseline the day before LAD ligation for MI group or the day before LAD ligation but after 2 weeks of CS exposure for smoking MI group; D1: day 1 after MI; D7: day 7 after MI, LV: left ventricular. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***); ANOVA