Table 3.
Overview of gross lesions in broiler breeders from Farms A, B and C
| Farm A (n = 140) |
Farm B (n = 96) |
Farm C (n = 104) |
Total (n = 340) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27–34 weeks (n = 63) |
45–60 weeks (n = 77) |
Total | 27–34 weeks (n = 43) |
45–60 weeks (n = 53) |
Total | 27–34 weeks (n = 46) |
45–60 weeks (n = 58) |
Total | 27–34 weeks (n = 152) |
45–60 weeks (n = 188) |
Total | |
| General | ||||||||||||
| Euthanised | 34 (54%) | 52 (67.5%) | 86 (61.4%) | 23 (53.5%) | 21 (39.6%) | 44 (45.8%) | 10 (21.7%) | 21 (36.2%) | 31 (29.8%) | 67 (44.1%) | 94 (50%) | 161 (47.4%) |
| BW (kg) | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.7 |
| No. of males | 0 (0%) | 4 (5.2%) | 4 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6.5%) | 3 (5.2%) | 6 (5.8%) | 3 (2%) | 7 (3.7%) | 10 (2.9%) |
| Dehydration | 19 (30.2%) | 24 (31.2%) | 43 (30.7%) | 9 (20.9%) | 27 (50.9%) | 36 (37.5%) | 15 (32.6%) | 25 (43.1%) | 40 (35.5%) | 43 (28.3%) | 76 (40.4%) | 119 (35%) |
| Emaciation | 2 (3.2%) | 3 (3.9%) | 5 (3.6%) | 2 (4.7%) | 5 (9.4%) | 7 (7.3%) | 7 (15.2%) | 2 (3.4%) | 9 (8.7%) | 11 (7.2%) | 10 (5.3%) | 21 (6.2%) |
| Skin, subcutis and foot pads | ||||||||||||
| Laceration (mating injuries)a | 17 (27%) | 19 (25.7%) | 36 (25.7%) | 10 (23.3%) | 3 (5.7%) | 13 (13.5%) | 2 (4.3%) | 2 (3.4%) | 4 (3.8%) | 29 (19.1%) | 24 (12.8%) | 53 (15.6%) |
| Bumblefootb | 1 (1.6%) | 3 (3.9%) | 4 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1.3%) | 5 (2.7%) | 7 (2.1%) |
| Pododermatitisc | 40 (63.5%) | 23 (29.9%) | 63 (45%) | 13 (30.2%) | 17 (32.1%) | 30 (31.3%) | 22 (47.8%) | 36 (62.1%) | 58 (55.8%) | 75 (49.3%) | 76 (40.4%) | 151 (44.4%) |
| Bursitis presternalis | 8 (12.7%) | 8 (10.4%) | 16 (11.4%) | 15 (34.9%) | 14 (26.4%) | 29 (30.2%) | 6 (13%) | 14 (24.1%) | 20 (19.2%) | 29 (19.1%) | 36 (19.1%) | 65 (19.1%) |
| Skeletal system and joints | ||||||||||||
| Fracture (long bones) | 1 (1.6%) | 4 (5.2%) | 5 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.5%) | 4 (4.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (0.7%) | 10 (5.3%) | 11 (3.2%) |
| Arthritisd | 2 (3.2%) | 6 (7.8%) | 8 (5.7%) | 3 (7%) | 7 (13.2%) | 10 (10.4%) | 8 (17.4%) | 2 (3.4%) | 10 (9.6%) | 13 (8.5%) | 15 (8%) | 28 (8.2%) |
| Sternal fracture(s) | ||||||||||||
| Total | 2 (3.2%) | 25 (32.5%) | 27 (19.3%) | 4 (9.3%) | 31 (58.5%) | 35 (36.5%) | 2 (4.3%) | 29 (50%) | 31 (29.8%) | 8 (5.3%) | 85 (45.2%) | 93 (27.4%) |
| 0 | 61 (96.8%) | 52 (67.5%) | 113 (80.7%) | 38 (88.4%) | 22 (41.5%) | 60 (62.5%) | 45 (97.8%) | 28 (48.3%) | 73 (70.2%) | 144 (94.7%) | 102 (54.3%) | 246 (72.4%) |
| 1 | 2 (3.8%) | 15 (19.5%) | 17 (12.1%) | 4 (9.3%) | 19 (35.8%) | 23 (24%) | 2 (4.3%) | 18 (31%) | 20 (19.2%) | 8 (5.3%) | 52 (27.7%) | 60 (17.6%) |
| 2 | 0 (0%) | 6 (7.8%) | 6 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.5%) | 4 (4.2%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (12.1%) | 7 (6.7%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (9%) | 17 (5%) |
| 3 | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.9%) | 3 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (11.3%) | 6 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.2%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (6.4%) | 12 (3.5%) |
| > 4 | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.1%) | 4 (1.2%) |
| Respiratory system | ||||||||||||
| Tracheal changese | 21 (33.3%) | 18 (23.4%) | 39 (27.9%) | 11 (25.6%) | 9 (17%) | 20 (20.8%) | 22 (47.9%) | 23 (39.7%) | 45 (43.3%) | 54 (35.5%) | 50 (26.6%) | 104 (30.6%) |
| Pulmonary changesf | 25 (39.7%) | 27 (35.1%) | 52 (37.1%) | 16 (37.2%) | 18 (34%) | 34 (35.4%) | 21 (45.7%) | 22 (37.9%) | 43 (41.3%) | 62 (40.8%) | 67 (35.6%) | 129 (38%) |
| Airsacculitisg | 14 (22.2%) | 14 (18.2%) | 28 (20%) | 6 (14%) | 4 (7.5%) | 10 (10.4%) | 12 (26.1%) | 13 (22.4%) | 25 (24%) | 32 (21.1%) | 31 (16.5%) | 63 (18.5%) |
| Coelomic cavity | ||||||||||||
| Pericarditish | 6 (9.5%) | 3 (3.9%) | 9 (6.4%) | 1 (2.3%) | 2 (3.8%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (4.6%) | 5 (2.7%) | 12 (3.5%) |
| Perihepatitish | 6 (9.5%) | 3 (3.9%) | 9 (6.4%) | 3 (7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 4 (4.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (5.9%) | 4 (2.1%) | 13 (3.8%) |
| Fatty liver | 15 (23.8%) | 9 (11.7%) | 24 (17.1%) | 5 (11.6%) | 5 (9.4%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (8.6%) | 5 (4.8%) | 20 (13.2%) | 19 (10.1%) | 39 (11.5%) |
| Hepatic rupture | 2 (3.2%) | 2 (2.6%) | 4 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.7%) | 3 (3.1%) | 1 (2.2%) | 5 (8.6%) | 6 (5.8%) | 3 (2%) | 10 (5.3%) | 13 (3.8%) |
| Peritonitish | 23 (36.5%) | 28 (36.4%) | 51 (36.4%) | 10 (23.3%) | 15 (28.3%) | 25 (26%) | 11 (23.9%) | 19 (32.8%) | 30 (28.8%) | 44 (28.4%) | 62 (33%) | 106 (31.2%) |
| Renal changesi | 17 (27%) | 24 (31.2%) | 41 (29.3%) | 11 (25.6%) | 19 (35.8%) | 30 (31.3%) | 27 (58.7%) | 23 (39.7%) | 50 (48.1%) | 55 (36.2%) | 66 (35.1%) | 121 (35.6%) |
| Reproductive system | ||||||||||||
| In layj | 39 (61.9%) | 20 (27.4%) | 59 (43.4%) | 16 (37.2%) | 21 (39.6%) | 37 (38.5%) | 12 (27.9%) | 27 (49.1%) | 39 (39.8%) | 67 (44.1%) | 68 (36.2%) | 135 (40.9%) |
| Egg bound | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 2 (2.1%) | 3 (7%) | 1 (1.8%) | 4 (4.1%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1.6%) | 6 (1.8%) |
| Perioophoritish | 8 (12.7%) | 17 (23.3%) | 25 (18.4%) | 4 (9.3%) | 12 (22.6%) | 16 (16.7%) | 5 (11.6%) | 10 (18.2%) | 15 (15.3%) | 17 (11.9%) | 39 (20.7%) | 56 (17%) |
| Ovarian regressionk | 14 (22.2%) | 28 (38.4%) | 42 (30.9%) | 15 (34.9%) | 21 (39.6%) | 36 (37.5%) | 20 (46.5%) | 28 (50.9%) | 48 (49%) | 49 (32.2%) | 77 (41%) | 126 (38.2%) |
| Salpingitisl | 14 (22.2%) | 10 (13.7%) | 24 (17.6%) | 8 (18.6%) | 10 (18.9%) | 18 (18.8%) | 5 (11.6%) | 9 (16.4%) | 14 (14.3%) | 27 (17.8%) | 29 (15.4%) | 56 (17%) |
| Regressed salpinxm | 6 (9.5%) | 16 (21.9%) | 22 (16.2%) | 7 (16.3%) | 18 (34%) | 25 (26%) | 15 (34.9%) | 20 (36.4%) | 35 (35.7%) | 28 (18.4%) | 54 (28.7%) | 82 (24.8%) |
| Cystic right oviduct/reminiscence | 9 (14.3%) | 14 (19.2%) | 23 (16.9%) | 8 (18.6%) | 17 (32.1%) | 25 (26%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (10.9%) | 6 (6.1%) | 17 (11.2%) | 37 (19.7%) | 54 (16.4%) |
| Miscellaneous | ||||||||||||
| Cannibalism | 4 (6.3%) | 3 (3.9%) | 7 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 5 (3.3%) | 4 (2.1%) | 9 (2.6%) |
| Neoplasia | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.7%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (1.6%) | 4 (1.2%) |
Continuous data is presented with mean ± standard deviation
BW, bodyweight; n, number
aCaudolaterodorsally located lacerations involving skin and muscle often associated with substantial tissue necrosis, “pocket formation” and fibrinopurulent cellulitis
bPododermatitis with profound swelling due to purulent material and/or fibrosis
cFootpad lesions consisting of discoloration, hyperkeratosis and/or ulceration
dExudate present within any of the major joints
ePresence of hyperaemia, haemorrhage, exudate, or excessive amounts of mucus with a turbid appearance
fOedema, consolidation and/or exudate
gPresence of fibrinous, purulent or fibrinopurulent exudate and/or thickening and opaqueness of the air sac
hPresence of fibrinous, purulent or fibrinopurulent exudate or fibrotic repair
iIncreased tubular pattern, urate deposition in ureters and/or swelling of the kidneys
jIn lay defined as hens having a developing- or fully developed egg present within the salpinx
kComplete absence of mature follicles or presence of atretic follicles indicating an early state of regression
lPresence of fibrinous, purulent, fibrinopurulent or mucopurulent exudate
mPale salpinx containing no developing egg and being less than half the expected size