Table 9.
Direct and indirect costs of accessing and utilising health care by socioeconomic status quintiles and place of residence –for public facilities only
| Socioeconomic status Equity measures |
Place of residence Equity measures |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | Gap (Poorest -least poor) |
Ratio (Poorest/ least poor) |
Concentration Index (CI) | Gap (Rural - Urban) |
Ratio (Rural/ Urban) |
|
| 1153 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Time cost (mins) | |||||||
| Travel time for all | 911 | 31.6 | 12.7*** | 1.5 | −0.085*** | 3.5 | 1.1 |
| Waiting time | 1141 | 48.3 | 16.5*** | 1.4 | −0.052* | 14.3** | 1.4 |
| Consultation time | 1125 | 12.9 | −1.0 | 0.9 | 0.007 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Direct cost (USD) | |||||||
| Transport cost for all clients | 1063 | 0.32 | −0.36*** | 0.3 | 0.257*** | −0.11 | 0.7 |
| Medical cost for all clients | 1146 | 0.07 | −0.04 | 0.6 | 0.153** | −0.04 | 0.6 |
The median travel time overall =20 min, while on foot (21.5 min), car (20 min) and other modes (20 min); median travel cost = 0 USD; median waiting time = 26.5 min, and consultation time = 10 min; median medical cost = 0 USD; travel time reflects a one-way journal
*** denotes significance at 1%, ** at 5%, and * at 10% level*** denotes significance at 1%, ** at 5%, and * at 10% level