Fig. 3.

Plant immune response to pathogens. Bacteria are detected by either pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or pathogen effectors: I The PAMPS activates the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on the plant cell surface, which in turn activates a signaling cascade leading to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). II Pathogen effectors are recognized by plant resistance proteins, resulting in a hypersensitive response known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Together, these defense mechanisms result in the release of various secondary metabolites that ultimately kill the infecting pathogen. Given their novelty to human pathogens, these plant-derived antimicrobial secondary compounds can be harnessed to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens