Table 1.

Examples of plants with known activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. These plant-based metabolites provide promising option to develop novel drugs against multidrug-resistant pathogens

Plant name and part	Extract type	Resistant bacteria	Evaluation method	Source, geographical location
Moringa oleifera (Leaves) Metricaria recutita (Flowers)	Water, Ethanol, Methanol	Clinical MDR, XDR, PDR isolates: Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp P. aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis S. aureus S. epidermidis	Microbroth dilution Disc diffusion	Farm in El-Fayoum governorate, Egypt [100]
Scutellaria barbata (Herbs)	Water extracts	Clinical MDR Acinetobacter baumannii	Disc diffusion, time-kill assays, murine lung infection model	Herb store in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan [101]
Allexis cauliflora (leaves) Persea Americana (Stones) Entada Africana (bark) Pentaclethra macrophylla (Bark)	CH2Cl2/MeOH MeOH C4H8O2 Extracts	Kanamycin-resistant E. coli AG100A	Microbroth dilution	Different regions of Cameroon [102]
Entada abyssinica (Leaves and roots)		Clinical MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp55
Pentaclethra macrophylla (Bark)		Clinical MDR Providencia stuartii-NAE16
Alkanna tentoria (leaves)	Aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and hexane extracts	A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa S. aureus	Well diffusion	Charsadda region, Pakistan [103]
Artemisia absinthium (Bark)	Aqueous Ethanol Extracts	Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus	Disc diffusion, time-kill assays	Sudhnoti district, Northern Pakistan [104]
Martynia annua (bulk)		Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii	Disc diffusion, time-kill assays
Adiantum capillus-venaris (Bark)		Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus	Disc diffusion, time-kill assays
Zanthoxylum armatum (Bark)		Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus	Time-kill assays
Swertia chirata (Bark)		Staphylococcus aureus	Disc diffusion, time-kill assays