Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the invited home care recipients
| Category | Participants (n = 527), % | Nonparticipants (n = 9129), % | p-value | Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 49.9 | 41.3 | .0001 | 8.6 (4.2 to 13.0) |
| Age group | ||||
| < 60 years | 19.5 | 12.9 | 6.6 (3.2 to 10.1) | |
| 60–74 years | 20.3 | 16.3 | 4.0 (0.4 to 7.5) | |
| 75–84 years | 36.6 | 35.7 | 0.9 (-3.3 to 5.1) | |
| 85 + years | 23.5 | 35.0 | < .0001 | − 11.5 (− 15.2 to − 7.7) |
| Mean (SD) | 72.4 (17.4) | 76.5 (16.0) | < .0001 | − 4.2 (− 5.6 to − 2.7) |
| Long-term care grade | ||||
| 1/2 | 49.9 | 53.3 | − 3.4 (− 7.8 to 1.0) | |
| 3 | 28.8 | 30.1 | − 1.3 (− 5.2 to 2.7) | |
| 4/5 | 21.3 | 16.6 | .0198 | 4.7 (1.1 to 8.3) |
| Number of Elixhauser diseases | ||||
| 0–2 | 20.3 | 21.3 | − 1.0 (− 4.5 to 2.5) | |
| 3–4 | 28.8 | 27.6 | 1.2 (− 2.7 to 5.2) | |
| 5–6 | 21.4 | 23.8 | − 2.3 (− 6.0 to 1.3) | |
| 7 + | 29.4 | 27.3 | .4818 | 2.1 (− 1.9 to 6.1) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.2 (3.0) | 5.0 (2.9) | .2502 | 0.2 (− 0.1 to 0.5) |
| Dementia | ||||
| Yes | 39.7 | 46.4 | .0024 | − 6.8 (− 11.1 to − 2.5) |
| Nursing care utilization | ||||
| Occasional in-kind benefits to relieve caring relatives | 81.0 | 76.3 | .0129 | 4.7 (1.3 to 8.2) |
| Formal care | 28.3 | 32.0 | .0751 | − 3.7 (− 7.7 to 0.2) |
| Respite care by a substitute | 30.6 | 28.7 | .3531 | 1.9 (− 2.2 to 5.9) |
| Short-term care in an institution | 9.9 | 11.3 | .3060 | − 1.4 (− 4.1 to 1.2) |
| Day or night care in an institution | 6.3 | 7.9 | .1683 | − 1.7 (− 3.8 to 0.5) |
| Medical care utilization | ||||
| Referral by a general practitioner to a medical specialist | 89.0 | 83.7 | .0014 | 5.3 (2.5 to 8.0) |
| Hospital admission | 46.3 | 43.0 | .1325 | 3.3 (− 1.0 to 7.7) |
| Dental care utilization | ||||
| BEMA 1: conservative and surgical treatment and X-ray examinations | 69.8 | 51.5 | < .0001 | 18.4 (14.3 to 22.4) |
| BEMA 2: treatment of injuries of the viscerocranium (jaw fracture), jaw joint disorders (occlusal splints) | 1.1 | 1.1 | .9453 | 0.0 (− 0.9 to 1.0) |
| BEMA 3: orthodontic treatment | 0.9 | 0.1 | .0022a | 0.8 (0.0 to 1.6) |
| BEMA 4: systemic treatment of periodontal diseases | 1.1 | 0.7 | .2980a | 0.4 (− 0.5 to 1.3) |
| BEMA 5: provision of dentures and crowns | 24.3 | 20.4 | .0317 | 3.9 (0.1 to 7.6) |
| BEMA 1–5 | 70.0 | 51.6 | < .0001 | 18.4 (14.4 to 22.4) |
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, SD Standard deviation, BEMA German uniform assessment standard for dental care
Boldface indicates significant differences (p < .05; confidence interval not including 0)
ap-value calculated by using Fisher’s exact test