. 2022 Jun 28;12(13):1658. doi: 10.3390/ani12131658

Table 6.

Effect of propolis (PR), bee pollen (BP), and their interaction (PR + BP) on lymphocyte proliferation and humoral and cellular immunity of broiler chickens.

Groups		Traits ¹
Groups		T-lymphocytes SI	B-lymphocytes SI	SRBC-AB Titer (log2)	PHA-Wattle Test (mm)
PR effect	−PR	4.72 ^b	2.27 ^b	7.02 ^b	0.51 ^b
	+PR	5.70 ^a	3.43 ^a	7.51 ^a	0.62 ^a
	n	20	20	20	20
	SEM	0.034	0.031	0.046	0.003
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
BP effect	−BP	4.47 ^b	2.31 ^b	7.06 ^b	0.50 ^b
	+BP	5.96 ^a	3.39 ^a	7.48 ^a	0.63 ^a
	n	20	20	20	20
	SEM	0.034	0.031	0.046	0.003
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Interaction effect	CONT	3.73 ^d	1.71	6.51 ^b	0.46 ^d
	PR	5.21 ^c	2.90	7.60 ^a	0.55 ^c
	BP	5.72 ^b	2.83	7.53 ^a	0.57 ^b
	PR + BP	6.20 ^a	3.95	7.43 ^a	0.69 ^a
	n	10	10	10	10
	SEM	0.048	0.043	0.065	0.004
	p-value	<0.001	0.500	<0.001	0.001

Means with dis-similar superscripts (a, b, c, d) in the same column significantly differ at p < 0.05. SEM: standard error of means. n: number of observations in the treatment group. ¹ Traits: SI, stimulation index of T- and B-lymphocytes; SRBC-AB titer, sheep red blood cells antibody titer; and PHA-wattle test, phytohemagglutinin wattle test.