. 2022 Jun 24;12(13):1621. doi: 10.3390/ani12131621

Table 1.

Contents of linoleic C18:2, linolenic C18:3, and CLA FA in milk (g/100 g of fat) using different types of seeds in the feeding of dairy cows.

Type	Inclusion (% DM of Diet)	Linoleic C18:2	Linolenic C18:3	CLA C18:2 Cis-9 Trans-11	Authors
Seeds
Soybean (extruded)	11.97	5.62	0.96	00.69	Dhiman et al. [43]
Cotton (extruded)	11.97	4.38	0.50	0.60	Dhiman et al. [43]
Flax	41	2.25	1.21	1.16	Ward et al. [44]
Rapeseed	41	2.16	0.48	1.41	Ward et al. [44]
Canola	14	1.72	0.52	0.39	Cichlowski et al. [45]
Flax (raw)	12.5	2.7	1.3	1.4	Gonthier et al. [46]
Flax (micronized)	12.7	2.9	1.3	1.4
Flax (extruded)	12.7	3.1	1.0	1.9
Rapeseed (ground)	41	1.99	0.56	0.68	Egger et al. [47]
Flaxseed (extruded)	46	2.25	1.18	0.8	Egger et al. [47]
Sunflower	11.2	++	++	2.05	Silva et al. [48]
Soybean (toasted)	7.5	3.46	0.34	8.85	Liu et al. [49]
Flax (toasted)	7.5	3.05	0.41	8.82
Sunflower (toasted)	7.5	2.96	0.27	0.72
Peanut (toasted)	7.5	3.03	0.27	0.66
Cotton (toasted)	7.5	2.76	0.29	0.63
Flax (raw)	12.4	2.05	0.65	0.98	Chilliard et al. [50]
Flax (extruded)	21.2	4.21	1.2	1.33	Chilliard et al. [50]
Flax	14	++	++	1.03	Fuentes et al. [51]
Cotton	12	++	++	0.99	Fuentes et al. [51]
Cotton	12	2.98	0.51	1.04	Roca et al. [29]
Flax	20	2.81	0.57	0.91	Roca et al. [29]

++ No data logging: DM; dry matter.