Table 2.
Summary of model selection results for ungulate occupancy in the Changqing reserve, showing estimated occupancy rate (ψ) and detection probability (Pr) for the average top models (∆AIC ≤ 2). Abbreviations: Veg-vegetation type, Disset-distance to settlement, Disriv-distance to rivers, Ele-elevation.
| Species | Models | Number of Parameters | AIC | ΔAIC | AICWt | ψ | Pr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild boar | psi (Disset); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 3919.84 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.889 | 0.599 |
| psi (Disset + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 3919.85 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.887 | 0.600 | |
| psi (Disset + Disriv); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 3920.21 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.888 | 0.599 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 3921.76 | 1.92 | 0.05 | 0.887 | 0.600 | |
| psi (Ele); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 3921.79 | 1.95 | 0.05 | 0.889 | 0.599 | |
| psi (Ele + Disset); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 3921.83 | 1.99 | 0.05 | 0.889 | 0.600 | |
| Model average | 0.888 | 0.599 | |||||
| Forest musk deer | psi (Ele + Veg); p (Veg) | 5 | 437.24 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.141 | 0.114 |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season) | 5 | 437.29 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.140 | 0.107 | |
| psi (Ele); p (Veg) | 4 | 437.76 | 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.190 | 0.075 | |
| psi (Ele + Disriv); p (Veg) | 5 | 439.03 | 1.79 | 0.08 | 0.186 | 0.077 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 439.24 | 1.99 | 0.07 | 0.141 | 0.115 | |
| Model average | 0.160 | 0.098 | |||||
| Tufted deer | psi (.); p (Season + Veg) | 4 | 2302.17 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.554 | 0.277 |
| psi (Ele); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 2303.45 | 1.27 | 0.12 | 0.553 | 0.277 | |
| psi(Veg);p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 2303.62 | 1.45 | 0.11 | 0.552 | 0.278 | |
| psi (Disriv); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 2303.65 | 1.48 | 0.11 | 0.553 | 0.277 | |
| psi (Disset); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 2303.04 | 1.86 | 0.09 | 0.554 | 0.277 | |
| Model average | 0.553 | 0.277 | |||||
| Muntjac deer | psi (Ele + Veg); p (Veg) | 5 | 2703.02 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.486 | 0.584 |
| psi (Disset + Veg); p (Veg) | 5 | 2704.15 | 1.13 | 0.24 | 0.485 | 0.584 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 2705.01 | 1.99 | 0.15 | 0.486 | 0.584 | |
| Model average | 0.486 | 0.584 | |||||
| Golden takin | psi (Ele + Veg); p (Veg) | 5 | 3487.72 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.713 | 0.440 |
| psi (Ele); p (Veg) | 4 | 3488.39 | 0.67 | 0.12 | 0.712 | 0.441 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 3488.76 | 1.03 | 0.10 | 0.714 | 0.439 | |
| psi (Ele); p (.) | 3 | 3489 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 0.710 | 0.442 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (.) | 4 | 3489.27 | 1.55 | 0.08 | 0.712 | 0.442 | |
| psi (Ele); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 3489.36 | 1.64 | 0.07 | 0.711 | 0.440 | |
| Model average | 0.712 | 0.441 | |||||
| Mainland serow | psi (Disset + Veg); p (.) | 4 | 431.6 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.201 | 0.068 |
| psi (Disset + Veg); p (Veg) | 5 | 431.82 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.217 | 0.090 | |
| psi (Disset + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 432.06 | 0.46 | 0.11 | 0.226 | 0.092 | |
| psi (Disset + Veg); p (Season) | 5 | 432.34 | 0.74 | 0.09 | 0.208 | 0.066 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 433.02 | 1.42 | 0.07 | 0.268 | 0.089 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (.) | 4 | 433.43 | 1.83 | 0.05 | 0.208 | 0.066 | |
| psi (Veg); p (Veg) | 4 | 433.47 | 1.87 | 0.05 | 0.254 | 0.086 | |
| Model average | 0.226 | 0.080 | |||||
| Chinese goral | psi (Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 5 | 1500.53 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.322 | 0.254 |
| psi (.); p (Season + Veg) | 4 | 1501.3 | 0.77 | 0.13 | 0.311 | 0.262 | |
| psi (Veg); p (Season) | 4 | 1501.72 | 1.19 | 0.10 | 0.322 | 0.254 | |
| psi (Disset + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 1502.3 | 1.77 | 0.08 | 0.311 | 0.262 | |
| psi (Ele + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 1502.52 | 1.99 | 0.07 | 0.322 | 0.254 | |
| psi (Disriv + Veg); p (Season + Veg) | 6 | 1502.53 | 1.99 | 0.07 | 0.323 | 0.254 | |
| Model average | 0.318 | 0.257 |