Table 2.
A brief summary of the preclinical data with respect to NLRP3 inflammasome.
| Drug/Therapeutic Target | Study/Year/Reference | Study Subjects | Pathway/Mechanism | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpinumisoflavone (AIF) | Zhang Y. (2020) [84] |
SMMC 7721, Huh7 cells | NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis | Reduction of tumor growth and metastatic potential |
| NEK7 inhibition | Yan Z. (2022) [75] |
MHCC97L, HepG2 cell/mice | NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis | Reduction of tumor growth and metastatic potential |
| Promotion of cancer cell-stromal communication | ||||
| Biejiajian pills (BJJ) | Feng M. (2020) [85] |
Diethyl nitrosamine-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in SD rats | Dose-dependent reduction in NLRP3 activation | Reduction of tumor growth |
| Luteoloside | Fan S. (2014) [86] |
Hep3B, SNU-449, Huh-7, MHCC- LM3 and MHCC97-H cell lines/BALB/c-nu/nu male mice | Downregulation of NLRP3 activation | Reduction of tumor growth and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo |
| Metformin | Shen Z. (2021) [87] |
BALB/c nude male mice | FOXO3-dependent induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy | Reduction of tumor growth |
| Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) | Yabuta S. (2020) [88] |
HuH-7 cells | TLR4-induced ROS generation activating both non-canonical and canonical phases of pyroptosis | Reduction of tumor growth |
| NLRP3 siRNA or CPT1A blockage or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or etomoxir | Zhang Q. (2018) [89] |
HepG2, Hep3B cells | Reduction in NLRP3 activation by FAO-mediated ROS | Reduction of HCC metastatic potential |
| 17β-estradiol (E2) | Wei Q. (2015) [90] |
BEL7402, SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells | ERβ/MAPK/ERK-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome | Reduction of tumor growth |
| 17β-estradiol (E2) | Wei Q. (2019) [91] |
HepG2 cells | Autophagy reduction through E2/ERβ/AMPK/mTOR-induced NLRP3 activation | Reduction of tumor growth |
| IRAK1 blockage | Chen W. (2020) [92] |
Huh7, Hep3B cells | Downregulation of NLRP3 activation through ERK/JNK pathway | Reduction of tumor growth |
| PPARγ inhibitors or FNDC5 blockage | Liu H. (2021) [71] |
HepG2, SMCC7721 cells overexpressing FNDC5 | Activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway | M1 TAM polarization |
| NLRP3 blockage | Lee H. (2021) [69] |
HCC SK-Hep1 Luc, NK-92 cells | Upregulation of MICA/B on the HCC cells induced by NK activation through NKG2D receptor | Reduction in tumor growth and metastasis |
| RIPK3 mimic or FAO blockage | Wu L. (2020) [73] |
Human HCC tissues | Activation of the ROS–Caspase1–PPAR pathway reversed M2 programming | Reduction in tumor growth |