Table 1.
Occurrence of ticks in various hosts and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| District | Host | Observed Hosts | Infested Hosts (%) | Ticks | Tick Life Stages | Molecularly Screened Ticks | Anaplasma Positive Ticks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peshawar | Holstein-Friesian | 19 | 18 (94.7) | R. microplus | 43 (19N, 16M, 8F) | 15N, 8F | 5N |
| R. turanicus | 21 (7N, 9M, 5F) | 5N, 5F | 2N | ||||
| R. haemaphysaloides | 16 (8N, 3M, 5F) | 3N, 5F | 1N | ||||
| Hy. scupense | 8 (6N, 2F) | 1N, 1F | - | ||||
| Jersey | 12 | 11 (91.6) | R. microplus | 32 (15N, 10M, 7F) | 9N, 7F | 1F | |
| Hy. anatolicum | 28 (4N, 4M, 20F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Sahiwal | 3 | 3 (100) | R. microplus | 4 (2N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | |
| Hy. anatolicum | 21 (1N, 20F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Achai | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Asian water buffaloes | 21 | 16 (76) | R. microplus | 12 (4N, 5M, 3F) | 4N, 3F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 7 (3N, 2M, 2F) | 2N, 2F | - | ||||
| R. haemaphysaloides | 33 (14N, 13M, 6F) | 9N, 6F | - | ||||
| Sheep | 13 | 7 (58.3) | R. turanicus | 3 (1N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 3 (1N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | ||||
| Goats | 11 | 7 (63.6) | R. turanicus | 8 (3N, 4M, 1F) | 3N, 1F | - | |
| Mardan | Holstein-Friesian | 16 | 15 (93.7) | R. microplus | 8 (4N, 2M, 2F) | 2N, 2F | 2N |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 23 (11N, 7M, 5F) | 7N, 5F | 1N | ||||
| Jersey | 10 | 9 (90) | R. microplus | 8 (1N, 2M, 5F) | 1N, 1F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 21 (8N, 7M, 6F) | 7N, 6F | 1N | ||||
| R. haemaphysaloides | 9 (4N, 3M, 2F) | 2N, 2F | - | ||||
| Sahiwal | 4 | 3 (75) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | |
| Hy. anatolicum | 16 (1M, I5F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Achai | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Asian water buffaloes | 21 | 14 (66.7) | R. microplus | 31 (14N, 10M, 7F) | 6N, 7F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 21 (9N, 8M, 4F) | 8N, 4F | 2F | ||||
| R. haemaphysaloides | 4 (2N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | ||||
| Hy. anatolicum | 26 (1N, 1M, 24F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Sheep | 10 | 5 (50) | R. turanicus | 4 (2N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Goats | 10 | 7 (70) | R. turanicus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 6 (2N, 2M, 2F) | 2N, 2F | - | ||||
| Charsadda | Holstein-Friesian | 15 | 14 (93.3) | R. microplus | 22 (10N, 7M, 5F) | 8N, 5F | 2N |
| Hy. dromedarii | 11 (6N, 4M, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| R. haemaphysaloides | 14 (6N, 3M, 5F) | 5N, 3F | - | ||||
| Jersey | 10 | 9 (90) | R. microplus | 11 (5N, 3M, 3F) | 5N, 1F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 11 (4N, 3M, 4F) | 3N, 1F | 1F | ||||
| Hy. anatolicum | 6 (2N, 2M, 2F) | 1F | |||||
| Sahiwal | 4 | 2 (50) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Hy. anatolicum | 11F | 1F | - | ||||
| Achai | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Asian water buffaloes | 22 | 13 (59) | R. microplus | 11 (5N, 3M, 3F) | 4N, 2F | 1F | |
| Sheep | 8 | 2 (25) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Goats | 9 | 5 (55.5) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 7 (3N, 2M, 2F) | 2N, 1F | - | ||||
| Swat | Holstein-Friesian | 2 | 2 (100) | R. microplus | 9 (4N, 3M, 2F) | 2N, 1F | 1N |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Jersey | 3 | 2 (66.7) | R. microplus | 4 (2N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Sahiwal | 1 | 1 (100) | R. microplus | 3 (2N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Achai | 8 | 1 (12.5) | R. microplus | 2(1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Asian water buffaloes | 17 | 10 (58.8) | R. microplus | 5 (2N, 1M, 2F) | 2N, 1F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | ||||
| Hy. anatolicum | 9 (1N, 1M, 7F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Sheep | 4 | 1 (25) | Ha. montgomeryi | 1F | 1F | - | |
| Ha. kashmirensis | 1F | 1F | - | ||||
| Goats | 9 | 6 (66.7) | Ha. montgomeryi | 7 (3N, 3M, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Ha. bispinosa | 5 (2N, 2M, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Shangla | Holstein-Friesian | 3 | 3 (100) | R. microplus | 4 (2N, 1M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | 1N |
| Hy. anatolicum | 7F | - | - | ||||
| R. turanicus | 7 (4N, 2M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | ||||
| Jersey | 2 | 2 (100) | R. microplus | 3 (1N, 1M, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| R. turanicus | 2 (1M, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Sahiwal | 3 | 2 (66.6) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Achai | 7 | 1 (14.3) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Asian water buffaloes | 16 | 10 (62.5) | R. microplus | 14 (8N, 4M, 2F) | 2N, 1F | - | |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1F | - | ||||
| Sheep | 3 | 1 (33.3) | Ha. kashmirensis | 1F | 1F | - | |
| Goats | 9 | 4 (44.4) | Ha. montgomeryi | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1N | - | |
| Ha. kashmirensis | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1N | - | ||||
| Chitral | Holstein-Friesian | 2 | 2 (100) | R. microplus | 4 (1N, 2M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | 1N |
| Jersey | 2 | 2 (100) | R. microplus | 2 (1M, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| R. haemaphysaloides | 3 (1N, 2F) | 1N | - | ||||
| Sahiwal | 2 | 1 (50) | R. microplus | 2 (1M, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Achai | 7 | 1 (14.3) | R. microplus | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1N | - | |
| Asian water buffaloes | 13 | 5 (38.46) | Hy. anatolicum | 12 (1N, 11F) | 1N | - | |
| R. microplus | 6 (3N, 2M, 1F) | 2N, 1F | - | ||||
| Sheep | 5 | 2 (50) | Ha. montgomeryi | 2 (1N, 1F) | 1N | - | |
| Ha. bispinosa | 5 (2N, 2M, 1F) | 1N, 1F | - | ||||
| Goats | 8 | 5 (62.5) | Ha. montgomeryi | 2 (1M, 1F) | 1F | - | |
| Ha. kashmirensis | 4 (3N, 1F) | 3N | - | ||||
| Overall total | 350 | 224 (64) | 676 (246N, 170M, 260F) | 268 (142N, 126F) | 22 (8.2%) | ||