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. 2022 Jun 30;14(13):3209. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133209

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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ILK functions as a signaling node at focal adhesions in cells. The ILK-PINCH-Parvin (IPP) complex acts as a structural and signaling hub downstream of integrin-mediated engagement with collagen-rich, stiff ECM [12] to promote processes critical for metastasis, including cytoskeletal dynamics, EMT, migration, and invasion. ILK also promotes phosphorylation of key target proteins essential to processes critical for cancer progression, including survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. For the purposes of illustration, we have shown ILK or FAK associated with integrins, but these signaling axes are not mutually exclusive and could be associated in the same complex. Created with Biorender.com. Available online: https://biorender.com/ (accessed on 21 June 2022).