. 2022 Jun 22;14(13):3065. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133065

Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regression analysis.

		KPS Postop—20 Drop				KPS FU—PRE ≤ 20 + QOL < 183
		Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable
Parameters		OR (95% C.I.)	p Value	OR (95% C.I.)	p Value	OR (95% C.I.)	p Value	OR (95% C.I.)	p Value
Demographics	Age > 65	5.890 (0.673–51.568)	0.109			2.310 (0.994–5.369)	0.002 **	0.420 (0.127–1.392)	0.156
	Age > 70	4.235 (0.751–23.880)	0.102			1.960 (0.858–4.481)	0.111
	Age > 80	9.600 (1.778–21.835)	0.009 **	0.720 (0.038–13.569)	0.827	2.841 (0.965–5.363)	0.002 **	0.956 (0.212–4.312)	0.953
	Previous surgery	1.390 (0.154–12.515)	0.769			2.218 (0.776–6.339)	0.137
Clinical and Functional	ASA Score	22.414 (2.523–39.139)	0.005 **	5.553 (1.760–7.642)	0.023 *	2.616 (1.074–5.368)	0.034 *	2.620 (0.815–8.429)	0.106
	KPS pre-op	0.682 (0.539–0.862)	0.001 **	//		0.923 (0.863–0.988)	0.021 *	//
	KPS pre-op < 80	15.800 (11.523–19.498)	<0.001 ***	1.46 (0.017–7.494)	0.98	16.320 (1.631–26.269)	0.017 *	4.824 (0.274–85.050)	0.282
	Frailty Index (FI)	4.100 (1.595–10.538)	0.003 **	//		3.107 (1.744–5.534)	<0.001 ***	//
	FI > 0.10 (Semi-Fit)	0.560 (0.100–3.145)	0.510			1.983 (0.865–4.549)	0.016 *	12.479 (2.764–16.349)	0.001 **
	FI > 0.20 (Frail)	8.937 (1.663–28.032)	0.011 *	14.752 (1.463–148.777)	0.022 *	4.582 (1.643–8.778)	0.004 **	35.457 (25.210–41.318)	<0.001 ***
Surgical	Skull base location	9.196 (1.048–20.669)	0.045 *	4.232 (0.280–63.975)	0.050 *	1.607 (0.707–3.654)	0.002 **	0.821 (0.228–2.961)	0.763
	Infratentorial location	3.917 (0.669–22.922)	0.013 *	6.079 (1.573–9.282)	0.028 *	4.167 (1.515–9.457)	0.006 **	7.514 (1.514–37.280)	0.014 *
	Diameter > 2.5 cm	11.224 (1.277–18.625)	0.029 *	16.078 (0.939–27.310)	0.050 *	2.899 (1.264–6.651)	0.012 *	4.983 (1.720–14.440)	0.003 **
	Diameter > 3 cm	3.543 (0.685–18.331)	0.013 *	4.363 × 10⁶ (0.000—//)	0.989	1.764 (0.722–4.308)	0.213
	Diameter > 4 cm	6.950 (1.312–16.828)	0.023 *	2.754 × 10⁹ (0.000—//)	0.998	1.925 (0.683–5.424)	0.215
Radiological	Calcification	1.051 (0.186–5.935)	0.955			1.206 (0.512–2.841)	0.668
	Severe peritumoral edema	1.714 (0.335–8.784)	0.518			3.238 (1.394–7.522)	0.006 **	4.162 (1.299–13.331)	0.016 *
	Necrosis	2.177e^–8 (0.000—//)	0.995			1.059 (0.419–2.677)	0.904
	Hyperostosis	1.527 (0.269–8.678)	0.633			1.000 (0.389 2.571)	0.997
	Heterogeneous Gd enhancement	2.167 (0.350–3.406)	0.004 **	2.251 (0.348–14.570)	0.394	1.232 (0.508–2.990)	0.04 *	0.850 (0.281–2.567)	0.773
	Sinus invasion	1.935 (0.339–11.057)	0.004 **	2.064 (0.313–13.603)	0.451	2.560 (1.046–6.265)	0.039 *	4.458 (1.392–14.279)	0.012 *
	Tumor shape (Multilobated > 2)	1.679 (0.298–9.449)	0.557			1.500 (0.638–3.526)	0.353
	DWI hyperintensity	1.829 (0.248–13.470)	0.553			2.303 (0.887–5.981)	0.037 *	3.208 (1.040–9.891)	0.042 *
	Absence of a Tumor-Brain cleft	4.567 (0.771–7.056)	0.044 **	5.910 (0.880–39.675)	0.047 *	2.138 (0.687–6.650)	0.001 **	4.350 (1.006–18.818)	0.049 *
				Nagelkerke R²: 0.560 AIC: 40.695				Nagelkerke R²: 0.347 AIC: 129.927

All of the given parameters were entered into a single variable logistic regression model and were tested for association with the outcomes investigated in the study (post-operative KPS reduction of at least 20 points and follow-up KPS score 20 points lower than baseline plus a quality of life assessment under the 75th percentile of the overall population). Those reporting significance at the univariable regression analysis entered a multivariable logistic regression model to test for independent association. Significant results are followed by an asterisk (*). * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001. Quality of model fitting is reported by means of the Nagelkerke R² and Akaike information criterion (AIC). OR: odd ratio; CI: confidence interval; QOL: quality of life.