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Growth and immune evasion of EBV-mediated NPC. Typical pathway for EBV infection and cellular transformation (top). Mechanisms of EBV-mediated cellular transformation and immune evasion (bottom). EBV alters immune checkpoints, including TIM-3 and TRIM29 [139]. The virus also alters the immune system via modulation of NFkB. [140]. EBV-specific products LMP1 [141] and LMP2 [142] also alter the cell cycle and aid in immune evasion [128]. Figure generated using BioRender.
