Table 3.

Impacts of COVID-19 on urban and rural dietary consumption: heterogeneity by region.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	Grain	Red Meat	Poultry	Aquatic Products	Eggs	Dairy	Vegetables	Fruits
Panel A: Urban areas
Number of confirmed cases (Eastern region)	0.015 ***	−0.010	0.014 ***	−0.003	0.017 ***	0.020 ***	0.006	−0.009
	(0.005)	(0.009)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.006)
R 2	0.419	0.241	0.792	0.359	0.822	0.329	0.324	0.590
Number of confirmed cases (Central region)	0.015 *	−0.005	0.006	−0.015	0.013	−0.003	0.008	−0.005
	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.008)
R 2	0.734	0.393	0.784	0.519	0.806	0.198	0.264	0.833
Number of confirmed cases (Western region)	0.010	−0.010	0.001	−0.012	0.016	0.003	0.007	0.003
	(0.013)	(0.006)	(0.018)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.012)	(0.007)	(0.009)
R 2	0.127	0.376	0.332	0.329	0.369	0.164	0.300	0.170
Panel B: Rural areas
Number of confirmed cases (Eastern region)	0.023 ***	−0.026 ***	0.025 ***	0.007	0.021 ***	0.020 **	0.012 ***	−0.001
	(0.005)	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.009)	(0.004)	(0.005)
R 2	0.391	0.374	0.843	0.747	0.838	0.520	0.344	0.726
Number of confirmed cases (Central region)	0.016	−0.011	0.023 *	−0.003	0.020 *	−0.009	0.019	−0.019 *
	(0.011)	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.011)	(0.008)	(0.012)	(0.009)
R 2	0.661	0.467	0.872	0.887	0.835	0.733	0.448	0.874
Number of confirmed cases (Western region)	0.010	−0.003	0.022 **	0.005	0.019	0.018	0.015	−0.004
	(0.010)	(0.023)	(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.017)	(0.044)	(0.011)	(0.009)
R 2	0.519	0.305	0.730	0.679	0.346	0.448	0.426	0.689

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the provincial level. All regressions included control variables, including per capita GDP, proportion of output value of the primary industry, child support ratio, old-age dependency ratio, and illiteracy rate. Provincial fixed effects and year fixed effects are also controlled in the regressions. * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.