Table 7.

Robustness checks: different measures of COVID-19.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	Grain	Red Meat	Poultry	Aquatic Products	Eggs	Dairy	Vegetables	Fruits
Panel A: Urban areas
Number of suspect cases	0.016 ***	−0.010	0.019 **	−0.004	0.024 ***	0.014 **	0.006	−0.007
	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.005)
R 2	0.221	0.098	0.585	0.276	0.582	0.070	0.115	0.373
Number of dead cases	0.035 ***	−0.011	0.021 *	−0.000	0.028 **	0.013	0.016 **	−0.009
	(0.008)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.007)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.008)	(0.006)
R 2	0.282	0.087	0.569	0.274	0.548	0.040	0.130	0.371
Panel B: Rural areas
Number of suspect cases	0.026 ***	−0.019 **	0.027 ***	0.015 ***	0.035 ***	0.022 **	0.014	−0.002
	(0.009)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.005)	(0.011)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.006)
R 2	0.295	0.277	0.768	0.670	0.602	0.277	0.190	0.663
Number of dead cases	0.031 *	−0.031 **	0.041 *	0.030 **	0.034 *	0.024 **	0.018	−0.004
	(0.018)	(0.013)	(0.022)	(0.014)	(0.020)	(0.011)	(0.012)	(0.008)
R 2	0.246	0.278	0.766	0.678	0.555	0.267	0.182	0.663

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the provincial level. All regressions included control variables, including per capita GDP, proportion of output value of the primary industry, child support ratio, old-age dependency ratio, and illiteracy rate. Provincial fixed effects and year fixed effects are also controlled in the regressions. * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.